From c6580b588098377ee7d45b4a84b90b6ca498ba06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gavin D'souza <gavin.dsouza@switchup.de>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 19:51:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] refactor: Replace pytz to std lib zoneinfo & datetime

Signed-off-by: Gavin D'souza <gavin.dsouza@switchup.de>
---
 frappe/core/doctype/rq_worker/rq_worker.py       |  4 ++--
 frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py                 |  4 ++--
 frappe/email/frappemail.py                       |  6 ++----
 .../doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py           |  9 ++++-----
 frappe/monitor.py                                |  7 +++----
 frappe/oauth.py                                  |  1 -
 frappe/rate_limiter.py                           |  5 ++---
 frappe/utils/caching.py                          | 12 +++++++-----
 frappe/utils/data.py                             | 16 ++++++----------
 frappe/utils/scheduler.py                        |  3 +--
 pyproject.toml                                   |  1 -
 11 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/rq_worker/rq_worker.py b/frappe/core/doctype/rq_worker/rq_worker.py
index 2d5bc996e1..4f6210ca79 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/rq_worker/rq_worker.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/rq_worker/rq_worker.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import datetime
 from contextlib import suppress
 
-import pytz
 from rq import Worker
 
 import frappe
@@ -104,6 +103,7 @@ def serialize_worker(worker: Worker) -> frappe._dict:
 def compute_utilization(worker: Worker) -> float:
 	with suppress(Exception):
 		total_time = (
-			datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) - worker.birth_date.replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
+			datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
+			- worker.birth_date.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 		).total_seconds()
 		return worker.total_working_time / total_time * 100
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
index 7954e04ff8..bcb8557c1d 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
@@ -808,9 +808,9 @@ class User(Document):
 
 @frappe.whitelist()
 def get_timezones():
-	import pytz
+	import zoneinfo
 
-	return {"timezones": pytz.all_timezones}
+	return {"timezones": zoneinfo.available_timezones()}
 
 
 @frappe.whitelist()
diff --git a/frappe/email/frappemail.py b/frappe/email/frappemail.py
index 90223f338d..6f34b55ec5 100644
--- a/frappe/email/frappemail.py
+++ b/frappe/email/frappemail.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any
 from urllib.parse import urljoin
-
-import pytz
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
 import frappe
 from frappe import _
@@ -122,9 +121,8 @@ class FrappeMail:
 
 def add_or_update_tzinfo(date_time: datetime | str, timezone: str | None = None) -> str:
 	"""Adds or updates timezone to the datetime."""
-
 	date_time = get_datetime(date_time)
-	target_tz = pytz.timezone(timezone or get_system_timezone())
+	target_tz = ZoneInfo(timezone or get_system_timezone())
 
 	if date_time.tzinfo is None:
 		date_time = target_tz.localize(date_time)
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py b/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
index 4cff8bdab7..5be4134ef5 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 # License: MIT. See LICENSE
 
 import datetime
-
-import pytz
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
 import frappe
 from frappe import _
@@ -73,11 +72,11 @@ class TokenCache(Document):
 		return self
 
 	def get_expires_in(self):
-		system_timezone = pytz.timezone(get_system_timezone())
+		system_timezone = ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone())
 		modified = frappe.utils.get_datetime(self.modified)
 		modified = system_timezone.localize(modified)
-		expiry_utc = modified.astimezone(pytz.utc) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=self.expires_in)
-		now_utc = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc)
+		expiry_utc = modified.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=self.expires_in)
+		now_utc = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 		return cint((expiry_utc - now_utc).total_seconds())
 
 	def is_expired(self):
diff --git a/frappe/monitor.py b/frappe/monitor.py
index 522b743c4c..55512a8abd 100644
--- a/frappe/monitor.py
+++ b/frappe/monitor.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import os
 import traceback
 import uuid
 
-import pytz
 import rq
 
 import frappe
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ class Monitor:
 			self.data = frappe._dict(
 				{
 					"site": frappe.local.site,
-					"timestamp": datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC),
+					"timestamp": datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
 					"transaction_type": transaction_type,
 					"uuid": str(uuid.uuid4()),
 				}
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class Monitor:
 
 		if job := rq.get_current_job():
 			self.data.uuid = job.id
-			waitdiff = self.data.timestamp - job.enqueued_at.replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
+			waitdiff = self.data.timestamp - job.enqueued_at.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 			self.data.job.wait = int(waitdiff.total_seconds() * 1000000)
 
 	def add_custom_data(self, **kwargs):
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ class Monitor:
 
 	def dump(self, response=None):
 		try:
-			timediff = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) - self.data.timestamp
+			timediff = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) - self.data.timestamp
 			# Obtain duration in microseconds
 			self.data.duration = int(timediff.total_seconds() * 1000000)
 
diff --git a/frappe/oauth.py b/frappe/oauth.py
index 25f058017d..ddd01cc317 100644
--- a/frappe/oauth.py
+++ b/frappe/oauth.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from http import cookies
 from urllib.parse import unquote, urljoin, urlparse
 
 import jwt
-import pytz
 from oauthlib.openid import RequestValidator
 
 import frappe
diff --git a/frappe/rate_limiter.py b/frappe/rate_limiter.py
index fb26128723..8cdc4adb1f 100644
--- a/frappe/rate_limiter.py
+++ b/frappe/rate_limiter.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import datetime
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import wraps
 
-import pytz
 from werkzeug.wrappers import Response
 
 import frappe
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class RateLimiter:
 		self.limit = int(limit * 1000000)
 		self.window = window
 
-		self.start = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC)
+		self.start = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 		timestamp = int(frappe.utils.now_datetime().timestamp())
 
 		self.window_number, self.spent = divmod(timestamp, self.window)
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ class RateLimiter:
 	def record_request_end(self):
 		if self.end is not None:
 			return
-		self.end = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC)
+		self.end = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 		self.duration = int((self.end - self.start).total_seconds() * 1000000)
 
 	def respond(self):
diff --git a/frappe/utils/caching.py b/frappe/utils/caching.py
index cb788549fc..2299c95236 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/caching.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/caching.py
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import wraps
 
-import pytz
-
 import frappe
 
 _SITE_CACHE = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
@@ -115,7 +113,9 @@ def site_cache(ttl: int | None = None, maxsize: int | None = None) -> Callable:
 
 		if ttl is not None and not callable(ttl):
 			func.ttl = ttl
-			func.expiration = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=func.ttl)
+			func.expiration = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(
+				seconds=func.ttl
+			)
 
 		if maxsize is not None and not callable(maxsize):
 			func.maxsize = maxsize
@@ -125,9 +125,11 @@ def site_cache(ttl: int | None = None, maxsize: int | None = None) -> Callable:
 			if getattr(frappe.local, "initialised", None):
 				func_call_key = json.dumps((args, kwargs))
 
-				if hasattr(func, "ttl") and datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) >= func.expiration:
+				if hasattr(func, "ttl") and datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) >= func.expiration:
 					func.clear_cache()
-					func.expiration = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=func.ttl)
+					func.expiration = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(
+						seconds=func.ttl
+					)
 
 				if hasattr(func, "maxsize") and len(_SITE_CACHE[func_key][frappe.local.site]) >= func.maxsize:
 					_SITE_CACHE[func_key][frappe.local.site].pop(
diff --git a/frappe/utils/data.py b/frappe/utils/data.py
index c5d62029ad..0de7ea92cf 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/data.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/data.py
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ from code import compile_command
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, TypeVar
 from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, quote, urlencode, urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 
-import pytz
 from click import secho
 from dateutil import parser
 from dateutil.parser import ParserError
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ def time_diff_in_hours(string_ed_date: DateTimeLikeObject, string_st_date: DateT
 
 def now_datetime() -> datetime.datetime:
 	"""Return the current datetime in system timezone."""
-	dt = convert_utc_to_system_timezone(datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC))
+	dt = convert_utc_to_system_timezone(datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc))
 	return dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
 
 
@@ -372,19 +372,15 @@ def get_system_timezone() -> str:
 
 
 def convert_utc_to_timezone(utc_timestamp: datetime.datetime, time_zone: str) -> datetime.datetime:
-	from pytz import UnknownTimeZoneError, timezone
-
 	if utc_timestamp.tzinfo is None:
-		utc_timestamp = timezone("UTC").localize(utc_timestamp)
-	try:
-		return utc_timestamp.astimezone(timezone(time_zone))
-	except UnknownTimeZoneError:
-		return utc_timestamp
+		utc_timestamp = datetime.datetime.now(ZoneInfo(time_zone))
+
+	return utc_timestamp
 
 
 def get_datetime_in_timezone(time_zone: str) -> datetime.datetime:
 	"""Return the current datetime in the given timezone (e.g. 'Asia/Kolkata')."""
-	utc_timestamp = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC)
+	utc_timestamp = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 	return convert_utc_to_timezone(utc_timestamp, time_zone)
 
 
diff --git a/frappe/utils/scheduler.py b/frappe/utils/scheduler.py
index 5d023c8135..be3fec64fd 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/scheduler.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/scheduler.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import random
 import time
 from typing import NoReturn
 
-import pytz
 import setproctitle
 from croniter import CroniterBadCronError
 from filelock import FileLock, Timeout
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ def sleep_duration(tick):
 	# This makes scheduler aligned with real clock,
 	# so event scheduled at 12:00 happen at 12:00 and not 12:00:35.
 	minutes = tick // 60
-	now = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.UTC)
+	now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 	left_minutes = minutes - now.minute % minutes
 	next_execution = now.replace(second=0) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=left_minutes)
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 0156e4a64d..c0cae33fe2 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ dependencies = [
     "pydantic~=2.10.2",
     "pyotp~=2.8.0",
     "python-dateutil~=2.8.2",
-    "pytz==2023.3",
     "rauth~=0.7.3",
     "redis~=5.2.0",
     "hiredis~=3.0.0",

From 7e2e5f80b9dac60c7a1c7f5bda28b1d0d6c409f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gavin D'souza <gavin.dsouza@switchup.de>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2024 14:57:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/7] fix: Usage of tzinfo replace when no tz is specified

---
 frappe/email/frappemail.py                             | 2 +-
 frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py | 5 ++---
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/email/frappemail.py b/frappe/email/frappemail.py
index 6f34b55ec5..e653d46039 100644
--- a/frappe/email/frappemail.py
+++ b/frappe/email/frappemail.py
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def add_or_update_tzinfo(date_time: datetime | str, timezone: str | None = None)
 	target_tz = ZoneInfo(timezone or get_system_timezone())
 
 	if date_time.tzinfo is None:
-		date_time = target_tz.localize(date_time)
+		date_time = date_time.replace(tzinfo=target_tz)
 	else:
 		date_time = date_time.astimezone(target_tz)
 
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py b/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
index 5be4134ef5..b9ec45ac6f 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 import frappe
 from frappe import _
 from frappe.model.document import Document
-from frappe.utils import cint, cstr, get_system_timezone
+from frappe.utils import cint, cstr, get_system_timezone, get_datetime
 
 
 class TokenCache(Document):
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ class TokenCache(Document):
 
 	def get_expires_in(self):
 		system_timezone = ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone())
-		modified = frappe.utils.get_datetime(self.modified)
-		modified = system_timezone.localize(modified)
+		modified: datetime.datetime = get_datetime(self.modified).replace(tzinfo=system_timezone)
 		expiry_utc = modified.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=self.expires_in)
 		now_utc = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
 		return cint((expiry_utc - now_utc).total_seconds())

From 00163f5bf414e432de5c70d0cb8227c932f6787f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gavin D'souza <gavin.dsouza@switchup.de>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2024 15:59:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] fix: Re-define utils to match previous behaviour

---
 frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py | 8 ++++----
 frappe/utils/data.py                     | 7 ++++---
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py b/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py
index dcd49896bd..f259978c6a 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import logging
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import wraps
-from inspect import isfunction, ismethod
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import frappe
@@ -28,15 +27,16 @@ logger = logging.Logger(__file__)
 @contextmanager
 def freeze_time(time_to_freeze: Any, is_utc: bool = False, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
 	"""Temporarily: freeze time with freezegun."""
-	import pytz
+	from datetime import UTC
+	from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
 	from freezegun import freeze_time as freezegun_freeze_time
 
 	from frappe.utils.data import get_datetime, get_system_timezone
 
 	if not is_utc:
 		# Freeze time expects UTC or tzaware objects. We have neither, so convert to UTC.
-		timezone = pytz.timezone(get_system_timezone())
-		time_to_freeze = timezone.localize(get_datetime(time_to_freeze)).astimezone(pytz.utc)
+		time_to_freeze = get_datetime(time_to_freeze).replace(tzinfo=ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone())).astimezone(UTC)
 
 	with freezegun_freeze_time(time_to_freeze, *args, **kwargs):
 		yield
diff --git a/frappe/utils/data.py b/frappe/utils/data.py
index 0de7ea92cf..e3855984ba 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/data.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/data.py
@@ -350,8 +350,7 @@ def time_diff_in_hours(string_ed_date: DateTimeLikeObject, string_st_date: DateT
 
 def now_datetime() -> datetime.datetime:
 	"""Return the current datetime in system timezone."""
-	dt = convert_utc_to_system_timezone(datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc))
-	return dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
+	return datetime.datetime.now(ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone())).replace(tzinfo=None)
 
 
 def get_timestamp(date: Optional["DateTimeLikeObject"] = None) -> float:
@@ -373,7 +372,9 @@ def get_system_timezone() -> str:
 
 def convert_utc_to_timezone(utc_timestamp: datetime.datetime, time_zone: str) -> datetime.datetime:
 	if utc_timestamp.tzinfo is None:
-		utc_timestamp = datetime.datetime.now(ZoneInfo(time_zone))
+		utc_timestamp = utc_timestamp.replace(tzinfo=ZoneInfo(time_zone))
+	else:
+		utc_timestamp = utc_timestamp.astimezone(ZoneInfo(time_zone))
 
 	return utc_timestamp
 

From d521ac124d890676d23a8c8b3c065ae0f870b552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gavin D'souza <gavin.dsouza@switchup.de>
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2024 15:28:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] style: Sort imports & move whitespaces to please ruff

---
 frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py | 2 +-
 frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py               | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py b/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
index b9ec45ac6f..1a12c44008 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/doctype/token_cache/token_cache.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 import frappe
 from frappe import _
 from frappe.model.document import Document
-from frappe.utils import cint, cstr, get_system_timezone, get_datetime
+from frappe.utils import cint, cstr, get_datetime, get_system_timezone
 
 
 class TokenCache(Document):
diff --git a/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py b/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py
index f259978c6a..4ed60151a2 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/classes/context_managers.py
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ def freeze_time(time_to_freeze: Any, is_utc: bool = False, *args: Any, **kwargs:
 
 	if not is_utc:
 		# Freeze time expects UTC or tzaware objects. We have neither, so convert to UTC.
-		time_to_freeze = get_datetime(time_to_freeze).replace(tzinfo=ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone())).astimezone(UTC)
+		time_to_freeze = (
+			get_datetime(time_to_freeze).replace(tzinfo=ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone())).astimezone(UTC)
+		)
 
 	with freezegun_freeze_time(time_to_freeze, *args, **kwargs):
 		yield

From 401f6dedbd31e0dcab4d04cfc895733c72d74dea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2024 15:44:51 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] chore(deps): add back pytz

Too many apps depend on it for now
Will drop the actual dependency later

Signed-off-by: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
---
 pyproject.toml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c0cae33fe2..0156e4a64d 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "pydantic~=2.10.2",
     "pyotp~=2.8.0",
     "python-dateutil~=2.8.2",
+    "pytz==2023.3",
     "rauth~=0.7.3",
     "redis~=5.2.0",
     "hiredis~=3.0.0",

From ad1ed626526083ad16cb157d9718922405be8762 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2024 16:01:43 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] fix: handle `ZoneInfoNotFoundError`

Signed-off-by: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
---
 frappe/utils/data.py | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/utils/data.py b/frappe/utils/data.py
index e3855984ba..8a00b336f1 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/data.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/data.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from code import compile_command
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, TypeVar
 from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, quote, urlencode, urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse
-from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError
 
 from click import secho
 from dateutil import parser
@@ -373,10 +373,11 @@ def get_system_timezone() -> str:
 def convert_utc_to_timezone(utc_timestamp: datetime.datetime, time_zone: str) -> datetime.datetime:
 	if utc_timestamp.tzinfo is None:
 		utc_timestamp = utc_timestamp.replace(tzinfo=ZoneInfo(time_zone))
-	else:
-		utc_timestamp = utc_timestamp.astimezone(ZoneInfo(time_zone))
 
-	return utc_timestamp
+	try:
+		return utc_timestamp.astimezone(ZoneInfo(time_zone))
+	except ZoneInfoNotFoundError:
+		return utc_timestamp
 
 
 def get_datetime_in_timezone(time_zone: str) -> datetime.datetime:

From 94fe90de665f04402d80a6e4e9225a834d2e24db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2024 16:04:55 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] refactor: pytz -> ZoneInfo

Signed-off-by: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
---
 frappe/deprecation_dumpster.py | 10 +++++++---
 frappe/tests/test_utils.py     |  7 +++----
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/deprecation_dumpster.py b/frappe/deprecation_dumpster.py
index 5ede7aef91..9de96e3785 100644
--- a/frappe/deprecation_dumpster.py
+++ b/frappe/deprecation_dumpster.py
@@ -814,15 +814,19 @@ def get_tests_CompatFrappeTestCase():
 
 		@contextmanager
 		def freeze_time(self, time_to_freeze, is_utc=False, *args, **kwargs):
-			import pytz
+			from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
 			from freezegun import freeze_time
 
 			from frappe.utils.data import convert_utc_to_timezone, get_datetime, get_system_timezone
 
 			if not is_utc:
 				# Freeze time expects UTC or tzaware objects. We have neither, so convert to UTC.
-				timezone = pytz.timezone(get_system_timezone())
-				time_to_freeze = timezone.localize(get_datetime(time_to_freeze)).astimezone(pytz.utc)
+				time_to_freeze = (
+					get_datetime(time_to_freeze)
+					.replace(tzinfo=ZoneInfo(get_system_timezone()))
+					.astimezone(ZoneInfo("UTC"))
+				)
 
 			with freeze_time(time_to_freeze, *args, **kwargs):
 				yield
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_utils.py b/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
index 26b0b85aeb..0575ddab55 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ import io
 import json
 import os
 import sys
-from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone
 from decimal import ROUND_HALF_UP, Decimal, localcontext
 from enum import Enum
 from io import StringIO
 from mimetypes import guess_type
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-import pytz
 from hypothesis import given
 from hypothesis import strategies as st
 from PIL import Image
@@ -736,9 +735,9 @@ class TestResponse(IntegrationTestCase):
 					minute=23,
 					second=23,
 					microsecond=23,
-					tzinfo=pytz.utc,
+					tzinfo=timezone.utc,
 				),
-				time(hour=23, minute=23, second=23, microsecond=23, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
+				time(hour=23, minute=23, second=23, microsecond=23, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
 				timedelta(days=10, hours=12, minutes=120, seconds=10),
 			],
 			"float": [