From d6b126ac6fb4e0991e7d8f96ea37e053c34e46f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Robert Duncan <74115869+robproject@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 01:48:06 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/14] fix: console import progress off-by-one (#24777)

* fix: importer console progress off-by-one

* fix: improve progress message

* chore: typo

---------

Co-authored-by: Robert Duncan <robir@puter.local>
Co-authored-by: Ankush Menat <ankushmenat@gmail.com>
---
 frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py b/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py
index c83d60ea8b..a4d25074a1 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ class Importer:
 
 					if self.console:
 						update_progress_bar(
-							f"Importing {total_payload_count} records",
-							current_index,
+							f"Importing {self.doctype}: {total_payload_count} records",
+							current_index - 1,
 							total_payload_count,
 						)
 					elif total_payload_count > 5:

From 33d0db364bbc4e95173a19230c3359cff4917664 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ankush Menat <ankush@frappe.io>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 15:36:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 02/14] feat: allow configuring coverage from envvar (#24788)

---
 frappe/commands/utils.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/frappe/commands/utils.py b/frappe/commands/utils.py
index 6151a844e0..0bf5a0fd23 100644
--- a/frappe/commands/utils.py
+++ b/frappe/commands/utils.py
@@ -791,7 +791,12 @@ def run_tests(
 @click.option("--app", help="For App", default="frappe")
 @click.option("--build-number", help="Build number", default=1)
 @click.option("--total-builds", help="Total number of builds", default=1)
-@click.option("--with-coverage", is_flag=True, help="Build coverage file")
+@click.option(
+	"--with-coverage",
+	is_flag=True,
+	help="Build coverage file",
+	envvar="CAPTURE_COVERAGE",
+)
 @click.option("--use-orchestrator", is_flag=True, help="Use orchestrator to run parallel tests")
 @click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Dont actually run tests")
 @pass_context

From 68003a23d53a90c3a47cdb56ace072c97d6ada49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rucha Mahabal <ruchamahabal2@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 15:38:59 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 03/14] feat: show doctype description on workspace link hover
 (#24598)

---
 frappe/desk/desktop.py                        |  3 ++
 .../public/js/frappe/widgets/links_widget.js  | 50 +++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/desk/desktop.py b/frappe/desk/desktop.py
index 26f69be4d2..c31be72461 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/desktop.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/desktop.py
@@ -193,6 +193,9 @@ class Workspace:
 
 				item["count"] = count
 
+		if item.get("link_type") == "DocType":
+			item["description"] = frappe.get_meta(item.link_to).description
+
 		# Translate label
 		item["label"] = _(item.label) if item.label else _(item.name)
 
diff --git a/frappe/public/js/frappe/widgets/links_widget.js b/frappe/public/js/frappe/widgets/links_widget.js
index 2af4564ffa..b83cf04954 100644
--- a/frappe/public/js/frappe/widgets/links_widget.js
+++ b/frappe/public/js/frappe/widgets/links_widget.js
@@ -60,9 +60,7 @@ export default class LinksWidget extends Widget {
 
 		const get_link_for_item = (item) => {
 			if (is_link_disabled(item)) {
-				return `<span class="link-content ellipsis disabled-link">${
-					item.label ? item.label : item.name
-				}</span>
+				return `<span class="link-content ellipsis disabled-link">${item.link_title}</span>
 					<div class="module-link-popover popover fade top in" role="tooltip" style="display: none;">
 						<div class="arrow"></div>
 						<h3 class="popover-title" style="display: none;"></h3>
@@ -74,14 +72,18 @@ export default class LinksWidget extends Widget {
 			}
 
 			if (item.youtube_id)
-				return `<span class="link-content help-video-link ellipsis" data-youtubeid="${
-					item.youtube_id
-				}">
-						${item.label ? item.label : item.name}</span>`;
+				return `
+					<span class="link-content help-video-link ellipsis" data-youtubeid="${item.youtube_id}">
+						${item.link_title}
+					</span>
+				`;
 
-			return `<span class="link-content ellipsis">${
-				item.label ? item.label : item.name
-			} ${frappe.utils.icon("es-line-arrow-up-right", "xs", "", "", "ml-2")} </span>`;
+			return `
+				<span class="link-content ellipsis">
+					<span class="link-text">${item.link_title}</span>
+					${frappe.utils.icon("es-line-arrow-up-right", "xs", "", "", "ml-2")}
+				</span>
+			`;
 		};
 
 		this.link_list = this.links.map((item) => {
@@ -97,14 +99,30 @@ export default class LinksWidget extends Widget {
 			}
 
 			const route = frappe.utils.generate_route(opts);
+			item.link_title = item.label ? item.label : item.name;
 
-			return $(`<a href="${route}" class="link-item ellipsis ${
-				item.onboard ? "onboard-spotlight" : ""
-			} ${disabled_dependent(item)}" type="${item.type}" title="${
-				item.label ? item.label : item.name
-			}">
+			const $link = $(`
+				<a href="${route}" class="link-item ellipsis
+					${item.onboard ? "onboard-spotlight" : ""} ${disabled_dependent(item)}"
+					type="${item.type}" title="${item.link_title}"
+				>
 					${get_link_for_item(item)}
-			</a>`);
+				</a>
+			`);
+
+			if (item.description) {
+				$link.find(".link-text").popover({
+					trigger: "hover",
+					placement: "top",
+					title: item.link_title,
+					content: () =>
+						`<div class="link-description small">${__(item.description)}</div>`,
+					html: true,
+					delay: { show: 600, hide: 100 },
+				});
+			}
+
+			return $link;
 		});
 		if (this.in_customize_mode) {
 			this.body.empty();

From 7753ed28fb05f45c15216af4060a3c4c3689f6f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ankush Menat <ankush@frappe.io>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 18:30:31 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 04/14] fix(DX): show user who modified in diff view (#24790)

---
 frappe/public/js/frappe/utils/diffview.js | 1 +
 frappe/utils/diff.py                      | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/public/js/frappe/utils/diffview.js b/frappe/public/js/frappe/utils/diffview.js
index 210e582b7a..7912ffb80d 100644
--- a/frappe/public/js/frappe/utils/diffview.js
+++ b/frappe/public/js/frappe/utils/diffview.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ frappe.ui.DiffView = class DiffView {
 				docname: this.docname,
 				ref_doctype: this.doctype,
 				fieldname: this.fieldname,
+				page_len: 100,
 			},
 		});
 		const onchange = () => this.compute_diff();
diff --git a/frappe/utils/diff.py b/frappe/utils/diff.py
index a140079bbe..dab85842a2 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/diff.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/diff.py
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ def version_query(doctype, txt, searchfield, start, page_len, filters):
 
 	results = frappe.get_list(
 		"Version",
-		fields=["name", "modified"],
+		fields=["name", "modified", "owner"],
 		filters=version_filters,
 		limit_start=start,
 		limit_page_length=page_len,
 		order_by="modified desc",
 	)
-	return [(d.name, pretty_date(d.modified), d.modified) for d in results]
+	return [(d.name, pretty_date(d.modified), d.modified, d.owner) for d in results]

From ca3ef817b07318ba5b7e441d29ef8f7cca424ac1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ankush Menat <ankush@frappe.io>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 20:05:42 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 05/14] fix: Avoid sending password back (#24794)

---
 frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
index b2b7e7bbcf..9afa29df26 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
@@ -881,6 +881,7 @@ def test_password_strength(new_password: str, key=None, old_password=None, user_
 			password_policy_validation_passed = True
 
 		result["feedback"]["password_policy_validation_passed"] = password_policy_validation_passed
+		result.pop("password", None)
 		return result
 
 

From 25a3baa632273dd66a23eb49eaaba2e247a1de1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abraham Kalungi <85731451+kalungia@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2024 09:43:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/14] fix: Remove Open Filter On Communication Doctype
 (#24800)

---
 frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication_list.js | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication_list.js b/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication_list.js
index 4ef3a384ff..8f2623ca09 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication_list.js
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication_list.js
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ frappe.listview_settings["Communication"] = {
 		"communication_date",
 	],
 
-	filters: [["status", "=", "Open"]],
-
 	onload: function (list_view) {
 		let method = "frappe.email.inbox.create_email_flag_queue";
 

From fbb0e4479107e15639941acaafc2a5f2b984a01b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 18:32:12 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 07/14] ci: switch to ruff for linting

Signed-off-by: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
---
 .flake8                 | 75 -----------------------------------------
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 16 ++-------
 pyproject.toml          | 42 +++++++++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .flake8

diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8
deleted file mode 100644
index e783fbbeb3..0000000000
--- a/.flake8
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-[flake8]
-ignore =
-    B001,
-    B007,
-    B009,
-    B010,
-    B950,
-    E101,
-    E111,
-    E114,
-    E116,
-    E117,
-    E121,
-    E122,
-    E123,
-    E124,
-    E125,
-    E126,
-    E127,
-    E128,
-    E131,
-    E201,
-    E202,
-    E203,
-    E211,
-    E221,
-    E222,
-    E223,
-    E224,
-    E225,
-    E226,
-    E228,
-    E231,
-    E241,
-    E242,
-    E251,
-    E261,
-    E262,
-    E265,
-    E266,
-    E271,
-    E272,
-    E273,
-    E274,
-    E301,
-    E302,
-    E303,
-    E305,
-    E306,
-    E402,
-    E501,
-    E502,
-    E701,
-    E702,
-    E703,
-    E741,
-    F401,
-    F403,
-    F405,
-    W191,
-    W291,
-    W292,
-    W293,
-    W391,
-    W503,
-    W504,
-    E711,
-    E129,
-    F841,
-    E713,
-    E712,
-    B028,
-
-max-line-length = 200
-exclude=,test_*.py
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 1e9e2adb90..bc20e86eba 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -20,18 +20,12 @@ repos:
       - id: check-yaml
       - id: debug-statements
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.9.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: pyupgrade
-        args: ['--py310-plus']
-
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     rev: v0.2.0
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
-        name: "Sort Python imports"
-        args: ["--select", "I", "--fix"]
+        name: "Run ruff linter and apply fixes"
+        args: ["--fix"]
 
       - id: ruff-format
         name: "Format Python code"
@@ -72,12 +66,6 @@ repos:
                 frappe/public/js/lib/.*
             )$
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-    rev: 6.0.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: flake8
-        additional_dependencies: ['flake8-bugbear',]
-
 ci:
     autoupdate_schedule: weekly
     skip: []
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c19d666a59..82b0c8c726 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -88,13 +88,6 @@ dependencies = [
 requires = ["flit_core >=3.4,<4"]
 build-backend = "flit_core.buildapi"
 
-[tool.ruff]
-line-length = 110
-
-[tool.ruff.format]
-indent-style = "tab"
-docstring-code-format = true
-
 [tool.bench.dev-dependencies]
 coverage = "~=6.5.0"
 Faker = "~=18.10.1"
@@ -104,3 +97,38 @@ watchdog = "~=3.0.0"
 hypothesis = "~=6.77.0"
 responses = "==0.23.1"
 freezegun = "~=1.2.2"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 110
+target-version = "py310"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "F",
+    "E",
+    "W",
+    "I",
+    "UP",
+    "B",
+]
+ignore = [
+    "B017", # assertRaises(Exception) - should be more specific
+    "B018", # useless expression, not assigned to anything
+    "B023", # function doesn't bind loop variable - will have last iteration's value
+    "B904", # raise inside except without from
+    "E101", # indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs
+    "E402", # module level import not at top of file
+    "E501", # line too long
+    "E741", # ambiguous variable name
+    "F401", # "unused" imports
+    "F403", # can't detect undefined names from * import
+    "F405", # can't detect undefined names from * import
+    "F722", # syntax error in forward type annotation
+    "F821", # undefined name
+    "W191", # indentation contains tabs
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "tab"
+docstring-code-format = true

From 26ae0f3460f29116e0c083d57eee9f33763237ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
Date: Mon, 5 Feb 2024 20:05:19 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 08/14] fix: ruff fixes

Signed-off-by: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
---
 .github/helper/ci.py                          |   2 +-
 .github/helper/documentation.py               |  15 +-
 .github/helper/roulette.py                    |   8 +-
 .github/helper/translation.py                 |  34 +++--
 frappe/__init__.py                            |  16 +-
 frappe/auth.py                                |   2 +-
 .../assignment_rule/test_assignment_rule.py   |   2 +-
 frappe/build.py                               |   3 -
 frappe/commands/site.py                       |   2 +-
 frappe/commands/translate.py                  |   4 +-
 frappe/commands/utils.py                      |   4 +-
 frappe/contacts/doctype/address/address.py    |   9 +-
 frappe/contacts/doctype/contact/contact.py    |   8 +-
 .../addresses_and_contacts.py                 |   1 -
 .../core/doctype/activity_log/activity_log.py |   2 +-
 .../core/doctype/data_import/data_import.py   |   2 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py   |  11 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/doctype/doctype.py        |  12 +-
 .../core/doctype/error_log/test_error_log.py  |  16 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/file/file.py              |   2 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/page/page.py              |  11 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/report/report.py          |   4 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/report/test_report.py     | 102 +++++++++----
 .../doctype/server_script/server_script.py    |   4 +-
 .../server_script/test_server_script.py       |   4 +-
 frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py              |   9 +-
 .../permitted_documents_for_user.py           |   6 +-
 .../doctype/customize_form/customize_form.py  |   6 +-
 .../audit_system_hooks/audit_system_hooks.py  |   2 +-
 frappe/database/database.py                   |  14 +-
 frappe/database/mariadb/database.py           |  28 ++--
 frappe/database/mariadb/setup_db.py           |   5 +-
 frappe/database/postgres/database.py          |  27 ++--
 frappe/database/postgres/schema.py            |  10 +-
 frappe/database/query.py                      |  22 +--
 frappe/database/schema.py                     |   4 +-
 frappe/defaults.py                            |  10 +-
 frappe/deferred_insert.py                     |   2 +-
 frappe/desk/desktop.py                        |  10 +-
 frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard/dashboard.py    |   4 +-
 .../dashboard_chart/dashboard_chart.py        |  14 +-
 frappe/desk/doctype/event/event.py            |   4 +-
 .../desk/doctype/kanban_board/kanban_board.py |   4 +-
 .../desk/doctype/number_card/number_card.py   |  10 +-
 frappe/desk/form/linked_with.py               |   2 +-
 frappe/desk/form/load.py                      |  14 +-
 frappe/desk/form/utils.py                     |   4 +-
 frappe/desk/leaderboard.py                    |   4 +-
 frappe/desk/notifications.py                  |   2 +-
 frappe/desk/query_report.py                   |  12 +-
 frappe/desk/reportview.py                     |  10 +-
 .../auto_email_report/auto_email_report.py    |   2 +-
 .../doctype/email_account/email_account.py    |  84 ++++++++---
 .../email_account/test_email_account.py       |  12 +-
 .../email/doctype/email_group/email_group.py  |   2 +-
 frappe/frappeclient.py                        |   2 +-
 frappe/gettext/extractors/navbar.py           |   4 +-
 frappe/installer.py                           |   4 +-
 .../dropbox_settings/dropbox_settings.py      |   2 +-
 .../ldap_settings/test_ldap_settings.py       |   4 +-
 .../frappe_providers/frappecloud.py           |   6 +-
 frappe/integrations/google_oauth.py           |   2 +-
 frappe/integrations/offsite_backup_utils.py   |   8 +-
 frappe/integrations/utils.py                  |   2 +-
 frappe/model/base_document.py                 |   8 +-
 frappe/model/db_query.py                      |  17 +--
 frappe/model/delete_doc.py                    |  12 +-
 frappe/model/document.py                      |   8 +-
 frappe/model/meta.py                          |   8 +-
 frappe/model/naming.py                        |   8 +-
 frappe/model/rename_doc.py                    |   2 +-
 frappe/model/utils/__init__.py                |   8 +-
 frappe/model/utils/rename_field.py            |  10 +-
 frappe/modules/import_file.py                 |   8 +-
 frappe/parallel_test_runner.py                |   2 +-
 .../delete_duplicate_user_permissions.py      |   4 +-
 .../v11_0/update_list_user_settings.py        |   4 +-
 .../move_email_and_phone_to_child_table.py    |   1 -
 .../v12_0/replace_null_values_in_tables.py    |   2 +-
 .../update_date_filters_in_user_settings.py   |   6 +-
 frappe/permissions.py                         |   2 +-
 frappe/recorder.py                            |   2 +-
 .../energy_point_log/energy_point_log.py      |   4 +-
 .../energy_point_rule/energy_point_rule.py    |   2 +-
 frappe/test_runner.py                         |   4 +-
 frappe/tests/test_api.py                      |   4 +-
 frappe/tests/test_caching.py                  |   6 +-
 frappe/tests/test_db.py                       |   5 +-
 frappe/tests/test_db_query.py                 | 141 ++++++++++++++----
 frappe/tests/test_oauth20.py                  |   2 +-
 frappe/tests/test_patches.py                  |   2 +-
 frappe/tests/test_perf.py                     |   2 +-
 frappe/tests/test_query_report.py             |   5 +-
 frappe/tests/test_recorder.py                 |   4 +-
 frappe/tests/test_safe_exec.py                |   2 +-
 frappe/tests/test_translate.py                |   6 +-
 frappe/tests/test_twofactor.py                |   2 +-
 frappe/tests/test_utils.py                    | 114 ++++++++++----
 frappe/tests/utils.py                         |   4 +-
 frappe/translate.py                           |   7 +-
 frappe/twofactor.py                           |   1 -
 frappe/utils/__init__.py                      |   8 +-
 frappe/utils/background_jobs.py               |   4 +-
 frappe/utils/backups.py                       |   7 +-
 frappe/utils/boilerplate.py                   |   4 +-
 frappe/utils/change_log.py                    |   4 +-
 frappe/utils/csvutils.py                      |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/dashboard.py                     |   3 +-
 frappe/utils/data.py                          |  22 +--
 frappe/utils/dateutils.py                     |   5 +-
 frappe/utils/global_search.py                 |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/image.py                         |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/jinja_globals.py                 |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/make_random.py                   |  12 +-
 frappe/utils/print_format.py                  |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/redis_wrapper.py                 |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/response.py                      |   2 +-
 frappe/utils/safe_exec.py                     |  20 ++-
 frappe/utils/typing_validations.py            |  16 +-
 .../doctype/blog_post/test_blog_post.py       |   2 +-
 .../website_settings/website_settings.py      |   2 +-
 .../website/page_renderers/template_page.py   |   4 +-
 .../website_analytics/website_analytics.py    |  18 +--
 frappe/website/router.py                      |   2 +-
 frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow/workflow.py  |  10 +-
 .../workflow_action/workflow_action.py        |   6 +-
 frappe/www/list.py                            |   6 +-
 frappe/www/printview.py                       |   2 +-
 128 files changed, 696 insertions(+), 557 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/helper/ci.py b/.github/helper/ci.py
index 10bafb3dc5..9c4e1379bb 100644
--- a/.github/helper/ci.py
+++ b/.github/helper/ci.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2022, Frappe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. and Contributors
 # MIT License. See LICENSE
+import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
-import json
 
 STANDARD_INCLUSIONS = ["*.py"]
 
diff --git a/.github/helper/documentation.py b/.github/helper/documentation.py
index b541583fd6..7eb209cbde 100644
--- a/.github/helper/documentation.py
+++ b/.github/helper/documentation.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys
-import requests
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
+import requests
 
 WEBSITE_REPOS = [
 	"erpnext_com",
@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ def is_documentation_link(word: str) -> bool:
 
 
 def contains_documentation_link(body: str) -> bool:
-	return any(
-		is_documentation_link(word)
-		for line in body.splitlines()
-		for word in line.split()
-	)
+	return any(is_documentation_link(word) for line in body.splitlines() for word in line.split())
 
 
 def check_pull_request(number: str) -> "tuple[int, str]":
@@ -53,12 +49,7 @@ def check_pull_request(number: str) -> "tuple[int, str]":
 	head_sha = (payload.get("head") or {}).get("sha")
 	body = (payload.get("body") or "").lower()
 
-	if (
-		not title.startswith("feat")
-		or not head_sha
-		or "no-docs" in body
-		or "backport" in body
-	):
+	if not title.startswith("feat") or not head_sha or "no-docs" in body or "backport" in body:
 		return 0, "Skipping documentation checks... 🏃"
 
 	if contains_documentation_link(body):
diff --git a/.github/helper/roulette.py b/.github/helper/roulette.py
index ebca901c95..121b9ff0d6 100644
--- a/.github/helper/roulette.py
+++ b/.github/helper/roulette.py
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
 import urllib.request
-from functools import lru_cache
+from functools import cache
 from urllib.error import HTTPError
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@cache
 def fetch_pr_data(pr_number, repo, endpoint=""):
 	api_url = f"https://api.github.com/repos/{repo}/pulls/{pr_number}"
 
@@ -83,9 +83,7 @@ def is_ci(file):
 
 
 def is_frontend_code(file):
-	return file.lower().endswith(
-		(".css", ".scss", ".less", ".sass", ".styl", ".js", ".ts", ".vue", ".html")
-	)
+	return file.lower().endswith((".css", ".scss", ".less", ".sass", ".styl", ".js", ".ts", ".vue", ".html"))
 
 
 def is_docs(file):
diff --git a/.github/helper/translation.py b/.github/helper/translation.py
index 72f661d3e1..96a319f97e 100644
--- a/.github/helper/translation.py
+++ b/.github/helper/translation.py
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import re
 import sys
 
 errors_encounter = 0
-pattern = re.compile(r"_\(([\"']{,3})(?P<message>((?!\1).)*)\1(\s*,\s*context\s*=\s*([\"'])(?P<py_context>((?!\5).)*)\5)*(\s*,(\s*?.*?\n*?)*(,\s*([\"'])(?P<js_context>((?!\11).)*)\11)*)*\)")
+pattern = re.compile(
+	r"_\(([\"']{,3})(?P<message>((?!\1).)*)\1(\s*,\s*context\s*=\s*([\"'])(?P<py_context>((?!\5).)*)\5)*(\s*,(\s*?.*?\n*?)*(,\s*([\"'])(?P<js_context>((?!\11).)*)\11)*)*\)"
+)
 words_pattern = re.compile(r"_{1,2}\([\"'`]{1,3}.*?[a-zA-Z]")
 start_pattern = re.compile(r"_{1,2}\([f\"'`]{1,3}")
 f_string_pattern = re.compile(r"_\(f[\"']")
@@ -10,44 +12,50 @@ starts_with_f_pattern = re.compile(r"_\(f")
 
 # skip first argument
 files = sys.argv[1:]
-files_to_scan = [_file for _file in files if _file.endswith(('.py', '.js'))]
+files_to_scan = [_file for _file in files if _file.endswith((".py", ".js"))]
 
 for _file in files_to_scan:
-	with open(_file, 'r') as f:
-		print(f'Checking: {_file}')
+	with open(_file) as f:
+		print(f"Checking: {_file}")
 		file_lines = f.readlines()
 		for line_number, line in enumerate(file_lines, 1):
-			if 'frappe-lint: disable-translate' in line:
+			if "frappe-lint: disable-translate" in line:
 				continue
 
 			if start_matches := start_pattern.search(line):
 				if starts_with_f := starts_with_f_pattern.search(line):
 					if has_f_string := f_string_pattern.search(line):
 						errors_encounter += 1
-						print(f'\nF-strings are not supported for translations at line number {line_number}\n{line.strip()[:100]}')
+						print(
+							f"\nF-strings are not supported for translations at line number {line_number}\n{line.strip()[:100]}"
+						)
 					continue
 				match = pattern.search(line)
 				error_found = False
 
-				if not match and line.endswith((',\n', '[\n')):
+				if not match and line.endswith((",\n", "[\n")):
 					# concat remaining text to validate multiline pattern
-					line = "".join(file_lines[line_number - 1:])
-					line = line[start_matches.start() + 1:]
+					line = "".join(file_lines[line_number - 1 :])
+					line = line[start_matches.start() + 1 :]
 					match = pattern.match(line)
 
 				if not match:
 					error_found = True
-					print(f'\nTranslation syntax error at line number {line_number}\n{line.strip()[:100]}')
+					print(f"\nTranslation syntax error at line number {line_number}\n{line.strip()[:100]}")
 
 				if not error_found and not words_pattern.search(line):
 					error_found = True
-					print(f'\nTranslation is useless because it has no words at line number {line_number}\n{line.strip()[:100]}')
+					print(
+						f"\nTranslation is useless because it has no words at line number {line_number}\n{line.strip()[:100]}"
+					)
 
 				if error_found:
 					errors_encounter += 1
 
 if errors_encounter > 0:
-	print('\nVisit "https://frappeframework.com/docs/user/en/translations" to learn about valid translation strings.')
+	print(
+		'\nVisit "https://frappeframework.com/docs/user/en/translations" to learn about valid translation strings.'
+	)
 	sys.exit(1)
 else:
-	print('\nGood To Go!')
+	print("\nGood To Go!")
diff --git a/frappe/__init__.py b/frappe/__init__.py
index cca8f12198..ff953cce26 100644
--- a/frappe/__init__.py
+++ b/frappe/__init__.py
@@ -152,12 +152,12 @@ class _LazyTranslate:
 		return self.value
 
 	def __add__(self, other):
-		if isinstance(other, (str, _LazyTranslate)):
+		if isinstance(other, str | _LazyTranslate):
 			return self.value + str(other)
 		raise NotImplementedError
 
 	def __radd__(self, other):
-		if isinstance(other, (str, _LazyTranslate)):
+		if isinstance(other, str | _LazyTranslate):
 			return str(other) + self.value
 		return NotImplementedError
 
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ def get_cached_value(doctype: str, name: str, fieldname: str = "name", as_dict:
 
 	values = [doc.get(f) for f in fieldname]
 	if as_dict:
-		return _dict(zip(fieldname, values))
+		return _dict(zip(fieldname, values, strict=False))
 	return values
 
 
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ def _load_app_hooks(app_name: str | None = None):
 			raise
 
 		def _is_valid_hook(obj):
-			return not isinstance(obj, (types.ModuleType, types.FunctionType, type))
+			return not isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType | types.FunctionType | type)
 
 		for key, value in inspect.getmembers(app_hooks, predicate=_is_valid_hook):
 			if not key.startswith("_"):
@@ -1904,7 +1904,7 @@ def copy_doc(doc: "Document", ignore_no_copy: bool = True) -> "Document":
 	if not ignore_no_copy:
 		remove_no_copy_fields(newdoc)
 
-	for i, d in enumerate(newdoc.get_all_children()):
+	for d in newdoc.get_all_children():
 		d.set("__islocal", 1)
 
 		for fieldname in fields_to_clear:
@@ -2493,7 +2493,7 @@ def mock(type, size=1, locale="en"):
 	if type not in dir(fake):
 		raise ValueError("Not a valid mock type.")
 	else:
-		for i in range(size):
+		for _ in range(size):
 			data = getattr(fake, type)()
 			results.append(data)
 
@@ -2507,7 +2507,7 @@ def validate_and_sanitize_search_inputs(fn):
 	def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 		from frappe.desk.search import sanitize_searchfield
 
-		kwargs.update(dict(zip(fn.__code__.co_varnames, args)))
+		kwargs.update(dict(zip(fn.__code__.co_varnames, args, strict=False)))
 		sanitize_searchfield(kwargs["searchfield"])
 		kwargs["start"] = cint(kwargs["start"])
 		kwargs["page_len"] = cint(kwargs["page_len"])
@@ -2520,7 +2520,7 @@ def validate_and_sanitize_search_inputs(fn):
 	return wrapper
 
 
-from frappe.utils.error import log_error  # noqa: backward compatibility
+from frappe.utils.error import log_error  # noqa
 
 if _tune_gc:
 	# generational GC gets triggered after certain allocs (g0) which is 700 by default.
diff --git a/frappe/auth.py b/frappe/auth.py
index ae19e0558b..ee8ec24104 100644
--- a/frappe/auth.py
+++ b/frappe/auth.py
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ class CookieManager:
 		}
 
 	def delete_cookie(self, to_delete):
-		if not isinstance(to_delete, (list, tuple)):
+		if not isinstance(to_delete, list | tuple):
 			to_delete = [to_delete]
 
 		self.to_delete.extend(to_delete)
diff --git a/frappe/automation/doctype/assignment_rule/test_assignment_rule.py b/frappe/automation/doctype/assignment_rule/test_assignment_rule.py
index ed5fca7902..da123840aa 100644
--- a/frappe/automation/doctype/assignment_rule/test_assignment_rule.py
+++ b/frappe/automation/doctype/assignment_rule/test_assignment_rule.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class TestAutoAssign(FrappeTestCase):
 			frappe.db.delete("ToDo", {"name": d.name})
 
 		# add 5 more assignments
-		for i in range(5):
+		for _ in range(5):
 			_make_test_record(public=1)
 
 		# check if each user still has 10 assignments
diff --git a/frappe/build.py b/frappe/build.py
index 933799b2ce..40d9c98ed5 100644
--- a/frappe/build.py
+++ b/frappe/build.py
@@ -177,9 +177,6 @@ def symlink(target, link_name, overwrite=False):
 	if not overwrite:
 		return os.symlink(target, link_name)
 
-	# os.replace() may fail if files are on different filesystems
-	link_dir = os.path.dirname(link_name)
-
 	# Create link to target with temporary filename
 	while True:
 		temp_link_name = f"tmp{frappe.generate_hash()}"
diff --git a/frappe/commands/site.py b/frappe/commands/site.py
index 28932ba5e5..832364ab92 100644
--- a/frappe/commands/site.py
+++ b/frappe/commands/site.py
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ def _drop_site(
 				f"Error: The operation has stopped because backup of {site}'s database failed.",
 				f"Reason: {str(err)}\n",
 				"Fix the issue and try again.",
-				"Hint: Use 'bench drop-site {0} --force' to force the removal of {0}".format(site),
+				f"Hint: Use 'bench drop-site {site} --force' to force the removal of {site}",
 			]
 			click.echo("\n".join(messages))
 			sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/frappe/commands/translate.py b/frappe/commands/translate.py
index 5ebae3bfb8..361a19aee2 100644
--- a/frappe/commands/translate.py
+++ b/frappe/commands/translate.py
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ def new_language(context, lang_code, app):
 	frappe.connect()
 	frappe.translate.write_translations_file(app, lang_code)
 
-	print(
-		"File created at ./apps/{app}/{app}/translations/{lang_code}.csv".format(app=app, lang_code=lang_code)
-	)
+	print(f"File created at ./apps/{app}/{app}/translations/{lang_code}.csv")
 	print("You will need to add the language in frappe/geo/languages.json, if you haven't done it already.")
 
 
diff --git a/frappe/commands/utils.py b/frappe/commands/utils.py
index 0bf5a0fd23..e4b4118c37 100644
--- a/frappe/commands/utils.py
+++ b/frappe/commands/utils.py
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ def jupyter(context):
 		os.mkdir(jupyter_notebooks_path)
 	bin_path = os.path.abspath("../env/bin")
 	print(
-		"""
+		f"""
 Starting Jupyter notebook
 Run the following in your first cell to connect notebook to frappe
 ```
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ frappe.connect()
 frappe.local.lang = frappe.db.get_default('lang')
 frappe.db.connect()
 ```
-	""".format(site=site, sites_path=sites_path)
+	"""
 	)
 	os.execv(
 		f"{bin_path}/jupyter",
diff --git a/frappe/contacts/doctype/address/address.py b/frappe/contacts/doctype/address/address.py
index bd57b44a1b..efb53dd590 100644
--- a/frappe/contacts/doctype/address/address.py
+++ b/frappe/contacts/doctype/address/address.py
@@ -125,11 +125,10 @@ def get_preferred_address(doctype, name, preferred_key="is_primary_address"):
 			FROM
 				`tabAddress` addr, `tabDynamic Link` dl
 			WHERE
-				dl.parent = addr.name and dl.link_doctype = %s and
-				dl.link_name = %s and ifnull(addr.disabled, 0) = 0 and
-				%s = %s
-			"""
-			% ("%s", "%s", preferred_key, "%s"),
+				dl.parent = addr.name and dl.link_doctype = {} and
+				dl.link_name = {} and ifnull(addr.disabled, 0) = 0 and
+				{} = {}
+			""".format("%s", "%s", preferred_key, "%s"),
 			(doctype, name, 1),
 			as_dict=1,
 		)
diff --git a/frappe/contacts/doctype/contact/contact.py b/frappe/contacts/doctype/contact/contact.py
index 8d549d9c5a..242b08561e 100644
--- a/frappe/contacts/doctype/contact/contact.py
+++ b/frappe/contacts/doctype/contact/contact.py
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ def contact_query(doctype, txt, searchfield, start, page_len, filters):
 	link_name = filters.pop("link_name")
 
 	return frappe.db.sql(
-		"""select
+		f"""select
 			`tabContact`.name, `tabContact`.full_name, `tabContact`.company_name
 		from
 			`tabContact`, `tabDynamic Link`
@@ -265,12 +265,12 @@ def contact_query(doctype, txt, searchfield, start, page_len, filters):
 			`tabDynamic Link`.parenttype = 'Contact' and
 			`tabDynamic Link`.link_doctype = %(link_doctype)s and
 			`tabDynamic Link`.link_name = %(link_name)s and
-			`tabContact`.`{key}` like %(txt)s
-			{mcond}
+			`tabContact`.`{searchfield}` like %(txt)s
+			{get_match_cond(doctype)}
 		order by
 			if(locate(%(_txt)s, `tabContact`.full_name), locate(%(_txt)s, `tabContact`.company_name), 99999),
 			`tabContact`.idx desc, `tabContact`.full_name
-		limit %(start)s, %(page_len)s """.format(mcond=get_match_cond(doctype), key=searchfield),
+		limit %(start)s, %(page_len)s """,
 		{
 			"txt": "%" + txt + "%",
 			"_txt": txt.replace("%", ""),
diff --git a/frappe/contacts/report/addresses_and_contacts/addresses_and_contacts.py b/frappe/contacts/report/addresses_and_contacts/addresses_and_contacts.py
index 9bb661d90c..12d31b158f 100644
--- a/frappe/contacts/report/addresses_and_contacts/addresses_and_contacts.py
+++ b/frappe/contacts/report/addresses_and_contacts/addresses_and_contacts.py
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ def get_columns(filters):
 
 
 def get_data(filters):
-	data = []
 	reference_doctype = filters.get("reference_doctype")
 	reference_name = filters.get("reference_name")
 
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/activity_log/activity_log.py b/frappe/core/doctype/activity_log/activity_log.py
index b24f7368b4..68372ea7af 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/activity_log/activity_log.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/activity_log/activity_log.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class ActivityLog(Document):
 
 	def set_ip_address(self):
 		if self.operation in ("Login", "Logout"):
-			self.ip_address = getattr(frappe.local, "request_ip")
+			self.ip_address = frappe.local.request_ip
 
 	@staticmethod
 	def clear_old_logs(days=None):
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/data_import.py b/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/data_import.py
index 8504aa1b04..ab9dfa9372 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/data_import.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/data_import.py
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def export_json(doctype, path, filters=None, or_filters=None, name=None, order_b
 			for key in del_keys:
 				if key in doc:
 					del doc[key]
-			for k, v in doc.items():
+			for v in doc.values():
 				if isinstance(v, list):
 					for child in v:
 						for key in del_keys + ("docstatus", "doctype", "modified", "name"):
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py b/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py
index a4d25074a1..fe4b1bc169 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/data_import/importer.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2020, Frappe Technologies Pvt. Ltd. and Contributors
 # License: MIT. See LICENSE
 
-import io
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -525,7 +524,6 @@ class ImportFile:
 			# subsequent rows that have blank values in parent columns
 			# are considered as child rows
 			parent_column_indexes = self.header.get_column_indexes(self.doctype)
-			parent_row_values = first_row.get_values(parent_column_indexes)
 
 			data_without_first_row = data[1:]
 			for row in data_without_first_row:
@@ -656,7 +654,7 @@ class Row:
 		for key in frappe.model.default_fields + frappe.model.child_table_fields + ("__islocal",):
 			doc.pop(key, None)
 
-		for col, value in zip(columns, values):
+		for col, value in zip(columns, values, strict=False):
 			df = col.df
 			if value in INVALID_VALUES:
 				value = None
@@ -751,7 +749,7 @@ class Row:
 
 	def parse_value(self, value, col):
 		df = col.df
-		if isinstance(value, (datetime, date)) and df.fieldtype in ["Date", "Datetime"]:
+		if isinstance(value, datetime | date) and df.fieldtype in ["Date", "Datetime"]:
 			return value
 
 		value = cstr(value)
@@ -774,7 +772,7 @@ class Row:
 		return value
 
 	def get_date(self, value, column):
-		if isinstance(value, (datetime, date)):
+		if isinstance(value, datetime | date):
 			return value
 
 		date_format = column.date_format
@@ -938,7 +936,7 @@ class Column:
 		"""
 
 		def guess_date_format(d):
-			if isinstance(d, (datetime, date, time)):
+			if isinstance(d, datetime | date | time):
 				if self.df.fieldtype == "Date":
 					return "%Y-%m-%d"
 				if self.df.fieldtype == "Datetime":
@@ -1137,7 +1135,6 @@ def build_fields_dict_for_column_matching(parent_doctype):
 
 			label = (df.label or "").strip()
 			translated_label = _(label)
-			parent = df.parent or parent_doctype
 
 			if parent_doctype == doctype:
 				# for parent doctypes keys will be
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/doctype/doctype.py b/frappe/core/doctype/doctype/doctype.py
index fdd6f51e9c..40b3b31b61 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/doctype/doctype.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/doctype/doctype.py
@@ -1363,11 +1363,9 @@ def validate_fields(meta):
 
 			if not d.get("__islocal") and frappe.db.has_column(d.parent, d.fieldname):
 				has_non_unique_values = frappe.db.sql(
-					"""select `{fieldname}`, count(*)
-					from `tab{doctype}` where ifnull(`{fieldname}`, '') != ''
-					group by `{fieldname}` having count(*) > 1 limit 1""".format(
-						doctype=d.parent, fieldname=d.fieldname
-					)
+					f"""select `{d.fieldname}`, count(*)
+					from `tab{d.parent}` where ifnull(`{d.fieldname}`, '') != ''
+					group by `{d.fieldname}` having count(*) > 1 limit 1"""
 				)
 
 				if has_non_unique_values and has_non_unique_values[0][0]:
@@ -1541,7 +1539,7 @@ def validate_fields(meta):
 			field.options = "\n".join(options_list)
 
 	def scrub_fetch_from(field):
-		if hasattr(field, "fetch_from") and getattr(field, "fetch_from"):
+		if hasattr(field, "fetch_from") and field.fetch_from:
 			field.fetch_from = field.fetch_from.strip("\n").strip()
 
 	def validate_data_field_type(docfield):
@@ -1826,7 +1824,7 @@ def make_module_and_roles(doc, perm_fieldname="permissions"):
 				r.desk_access = 1
 				r.flags.ignore_mandatory = r.flags.ignore_permissions = True
 				r.insert()
-	except frappe.DoesNotExistError as e:
+	except frappe.DoesNotExistError:
 		pass
 	except frappe.db.ProgrammingError as e:
 		if frappe.db.is_table_missing(e):
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/error_log/test_error_log.py b/frappe/core/doctype/error_log/test_error_log.py
index 22eeea329e..98c87dda52 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/error_log/test_error_log.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/error_log/test_error_log.py
@@ -52,15 +52,21 @@ _THROW_EXC = """
  frappe.exceptions.ValidationError: what
 """
 
-TEST_EXCEPTIONS = {
-	"erpnext (app)": _RAW_EXC,
-	"erpnext (app)": _THROW_EXC,
-}
+TEST_EXCEPTIONS = (
+	(
+		"erpnext (app)",
+		_RAW_EXC,
+	),
+	(
+		"erpnext (app)",
+		_THROW_EXC,
+	),
+)
 
 
 class TestExceptionSourceGuessing(FrappeTestCase):
 	@patch.object(frappe, "get_installed_apps", return_value=["frappe", "erpnext", "3pa"])
 	def test_exc_source_guessing(self, _installed_apps):
-		for source, exc in TEST_EXCEPTIONS.items():
+		for source, exc in TEST_EXCEPTIONS:
 			result = guess_exception_source(exc)
 			self.assertEqual(result, source)
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/file/file.py b/frappe/core/doctype/file/file.py
index 9d4b8f6a4a..d203894cce 100755
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/file/file.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/file/file.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class File(Document):
 		if not self.attached_to_doctype:
 			return
 
-		if not self.attached_to_name or not isinstance(self.attached_to_name, (str, int)):
+		if not self.attached_to_name or not isinstance(self.attached_to_name, str | int):
 			frappe.throw(_("Attached To Name must be a string or an integer"), frappe.ValidationError)
 
 		if self.attached_to_field and SPECIAL_CHAR_PATTERN.search(self.attached_to_field):
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/page/page.py b/frappe/core/doctype/page/page.py
index 872b6c0012..48d783f14e 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/page/page.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/page/page.py
@@ -88,14 +88,13 @@ class Page(Document):
 			if not os.path.exists(path + ".js"):
 				with open(path + ".js", "w") as f:
 					f.write(
-						"""frappe.pages['%s'].on_page_load = function(wrapper) {
-	var page = frappe.ui.make_app_page({
+						f"""frappe.pages['{self.name}'].on_page_load = function(wrapper) {{
+	var page = frappe.ui.make_app_page({{
 		parent: wrapper,
-		title: '%s',
+		title: '{self.title}',
 		single_column: true
-	});
-}"""
-						% (self.name, self.title)
+	}});
+}}"""
 					)
 
 	def as_dict(self, no_nulls=False):
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/report/report.py b/frappe/core/doctype/report/report.py
index e14ec41fde..c108c8ee6e 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/report/report.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/report/report.py
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class Report(Document):
 		if filters:
 			for key, value in filters.items():
 				condition, _value = "=", value
-				if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+				if isinstance(value, list | tuple):
 					condition, _value = value
 				_filters.append([key, condition, _value])
 
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class Report(Document):
 	def build_data_dict(self, result, columns):
 		data = []
 		for row in result:
-			if isinstance(row, (list, tuple)):
+			if isinstance(row, list | tuple):
 				_row = frappe._dict()
 				for i, val in enumerate(row):
 					_row[columns[i].get("fieldname")] = val
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/report/test_report.py b/frappe/core/doctype/report/test_report.py
index cda004c00c..b22f4b491c 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/report/test_report.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/report/test_report.py
@@ -131,7 +131,12 @@ class TestReport(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertListEqual(["email"], [column.get("fieldname") for column in columns])
 		admin_dict = frappe.core.utils.find(result, lambda d: d["name"] == "Administrator")
 		self.assertDictEqual(
-			{"name": "Administrator", "user_type": "System User", "email": "admin@example.com"}, admin_dict
+			{
+				"name": "Administrator",
+				"user_type": "System User",
+				"email": "admin@example.com",
+			},
+			admin_dict,
 		)
 
 	def test_report_with_custom_column(self):
@@ -156,10 +161,18 @@ class TestReport(FrappeTestCase):
 		)
 		result = response.get("result")
 		columns = response.get("columns")
-		self.assertListEqual(["name", "email", "user_type"], [column.get("fieldname") for column in columns])
+		self.assertListEqual(
+			["name", "email", "user_type"],
+			[column.get("fieldname") for column in columns],
+		)
 		admin_dict = frappe.core.utils.find(result, lambda d: d["name"] == "Administrator")
 		self.assertDictEqual(
-			{"name": "Administrator", "user_type": "System User", "email": "admin@example.com"}, admin_dict
+			{
+				"name": "Administrator",
+				"user_type": "System User",
+				"email": "admin@example.com",
+			},
+			admin_dict,
 		)
 
 	def test_report_permissions(self):
@@ -167,9 +180,7 @@ class TestReport(FrappeTestCase):
 		frappe.db.delete("Has Role", {"parent": frappe.session.user, "role": "Test Has Role"})
 		frappe.db.commit()
 		if not frappe.db.exists("Role", "Test Has Role"):
-			role = frappe.get_doc({"doctype": "Role", "role_name": "Test Has Role"}).insert(
-				ignore_permissions=True
-			)
+			frappe.get_doc({"doctype": "Role", "role_name": "Test Has Role"}).insert(ignore_permissions=True)
 
 		if not frappe.db.exists("Report", "Test Report"):
 			report = frappe.get_doc(
@@ -253,18 +264,18 @@ class TestReport(FrappeTestCase):
 		report.report_script = """
 totals = {}
 for user in frappe.get_all('User', fields = ['name', 'user_type', 'creation']):
-	if not user.user_type in totals:
-		totals[user.user_type] = 0
-	totals[user.user_type] = totals[user.user_type] + 1
+    if not user.user_type in totals:
+        totals[user.user_type] = 0
+    totals[user.user_type] = totals[user.user_type] + 1
 
 data = [
-	[
-		{'fieldname': 'type', 'label': 'Type'},
-		{'fieldname': 'value', 'label': 'Value'}
-	],
-	[
-		{"type":key, "value": value} for key, value in totals.items()
-	]
+    [
+        {'fieldname': 'type', 'label': 'Type'},
+        {'fieldname': 'value', 'label': 'Value'}
+    ],
+    [
+        {"type":key, "value": value} for key, value in totals.items()
+    ]
 ]
 """
 		report.save()
@@ -299,13 +310,13 @@ data = [
 		report.report_script = """
 totals = {}
 for user in frappe.get_all('User', fields = ['name', 'user_type', 'creation']):
-	if not user.user_type in totals:
-		totals[user.user_type] = 0
-	totals[user.user_type] = totals[user.user_type] + 1
+    if not user.user_type in totals:
+        totals[user.user_type] = 0
+    totals[user.user_type] = totals[user.user_type] + 1
 
 result = [
-		{"type":key, "value": value} for key, value in totals.items()
-	]
+        {"type":key, "value": value} for key, value in totals.items()
+    ]
 """
 
 		report.save()
@@ -344,15 +355,40 @@ result = [
 		report_settings = {"tree": True, "parent_field": "parent_value"}
 
 		columns = [
-			{"fieldname": "parent_column", "label": "Parent Column", "fieldtype": "Data", "width": 10},
-			{"fieldname": "column_1", "label": "Column 1", "fieldtype": "Float", "width": 10},
-			{"fieldname": "column_2", "label": "Column 2", "fieldtype": "Float", "width": 10},
+			{
+				"fieldname": "parent_column",
+				"label": "Parent Column",
+				"fieldtype": "Data",
+				"width": 10,
+			},
+			{
+				"fieldname": "column_1",
+				"label": "Column 1",
+				"fieldtype": "Float",
+				"width": 10,
+			},
+			{
+				"fieldname": "column_2",
+				"label": "Column 2",
+				"fieldtype": "Float",
+				"width": 10,
+			},
 		]
 
 		result = [
 			{"parent_column": "Parent 1", "column_1": 200, "column_2": 150.50},
-			{"parent_column": "Child 1", "column_1": 100, "column_2": 75.25, "parent_value": "Parent 1"},
-			{"parent_column": "Child 2", "column_1": 100, "column_2": 75.25, "parent_value": "Parent 1"},
+			{
+				"parent_column": "Child 1",
+				"column_1": 100,
+				"column_2": 75.25,
+				"parent_value": "Parent 1",
+			},
+			{
+				"parent_column": "Child 2",
+				"column_1": 100,
+				"column_2": 75.25,
+				"parent_value": "Parent 1",
+			},
 		]
 
 		result = add_total_row(
@@ -369,13 +405,13 @@ result = [
 	def test_cte_in_query_report(self):
 		cte_query = textwrap.dedent(
 			"""
-			with enabled_users as (
-				select name
-				from `tabUser`
-				where enabled = 1
-			)
-			select * from enabled_users;
-		"""
+            with enabled_users as (
+                select name
+                from `tabUser`
+                where enabled = 1
+            )
+            select * from enabled_users;
+        """
 		)
 
 		report = frappe.get_doc(
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/server_script.py b/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/server_script.py
index a995f9d57b..d5b405b96d 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/server_script.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/server_script.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class ServerScript(Document):
 				if key.startswith("_"):
 					continue
 				value = obj[key]
-				if isinstance(value, (NamespaceDict, dict)) and value:
+				if isinstance(value, NamespaceDict | dict) and value:
 					if key == "form_dict":
 						out.append(["form_dict", 7])
 						continue
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class ServerScript(Document):
 						score = 0
 					elif isinstance(value, ModuleType):
 						score = 10
-					elif isinstance(value, (FunctionType, MethodType)):
+					elif isinstance(value, FunctionType | MethodType):
 						score = 9
 					elif isinstance(value, type):
 						score = 8
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/test_server_script.py b/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/test_server_script.py
index cbf3ef977a..e7735c8fc9 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/test_server_script.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/server_script/test_server_script.py
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ frappe.qb.from_(todo).select(todo.name).where(todo.name == "{todo.name}").run()
 			name="test_nested_scripts_1",
 			script_type="API",
 			api_method="test_nested_scripts_1",
-			script=f"""log("nothing")""",
+			script="""log("nothing")""",
 		)
 		script.insert()
 		script.execute_method()
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ frappe.qb.from_(todo).select(todo.name).where(todo.name == "{todo.name}").run()
 			name="test_nested_scripts_2",
 			script_type="API",
 			api_method="test_nested_scripts_2",
-			script=f"""frappe.call("test_nested_scripts_1")""",
+			script="""frappe.call("test_nested_scripts_1")""",
 		)
 		script.insert()
 		script.execute_method()
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
index 9afa29df26..2290372ec8 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
@@ -574,10 +574,9 @@ class User(Document):
 			has_fields = [d.get("name") for d in desc if d.get("name") in ["owner", "modified_by"]]
 			for field in has_fields:
 				frappe.db.sql(
-					"""UPDATE `%s`
-					SET `%s` = %s
-					WHERE `%s` = %s"""
-					% (tab, field, "%s", field, "%s"),
+					"""UPDATE `{}`
+					SET `{}` = {}
+					WHERE `{}` = {}""".format(tab, field, "%s", field, "%s"),
 					(new_name, old_name),
 				)
 
@@ -620,7 +619,7 @@ class User(Document):
 
 	def ensure_unique_roles(self):
 		exists = []
-		for i, d in enumerate(self.get("roles")):
+		for d in self.get("roles"):
 			if (not d.role) or (d.role in exists):
 				self.get("roles").remove(d)
 			else:
diff --git a/frappe/core/report/permitted_documents_for_user/permitted_documents_for_user.py b/frappe/core/report/permitted_documents_for_user/permitted_documents_for_user.py
index b865c23b11..bf1694b164 100644
--- a/frappe/core/report/permitted_documents_for_user/permitted_documents_for_user.py
+++ b/frappe/core/report/permitted_documents_for_user/permitted_documents_for_user.py
@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ def get_columns_and_fields(doctype):
 		if df.in_list_view and df.fieldtype in data_fieldtypes:
 			fields.append(f"`{df.fieldname}`")
 			fieldtype = f"Link/{df.options}" if df.fieldtype == "Link" else df.fieldtype
-			columns.append(
-				"{label}:{fieldtype}:{width}".format(
-					label=df.label, fieldtype=fieldtype, width=df.width or 100
-				)
-			)
+			columns.append(f"{df.label}:{fieldtype}:{df.width or 100}")
 
 	return columns, fields
 
diff --git a/frappe/custom/doctype/customize_form/customize_form.py b/frappe/custom/doctype/customize_form/customize_form.py
index f0f415474c..7d374785dc 100644
--- a/frappe/custom/doctype/customize_form/customize_form.py
+++ b/frappe/custom/doctype/customize_form/customize_form.py
@@ -592,11 +592,11 @@ class CustomizeForm(Document):
 			max_length = cint(frappe.db.type_map.get(df.fieldtype)[1])
 			fieldname = df.fieldname
 			docs = frappe.db.sql(
-				"""
+				f"""
 				SELECT name, {fieldname}, LENGTH({fieldname}) AS len
-				FROM `tab{doctype}`
+				FROM `tab{self.doc_type}`
 				WHERE LENGTH({fieldname}) > {max_length}
-			""".format(fieldname=fieldname, doctype=self.doc_type, max_length=max_length),
+			""",
 				as_dict=True,
 			)
 			label = df.label
diff --git a/frappe/custom/report/audit_system_hooks/audit_system_hooks.py b/frappe/custom/report/audit_system_hooks/audit_system_hooks.py
index 0c3b495271..07b8e18b4d 100644
--- a/frappe/custom/report/audit_system_hooks/audit_system_hooks.py
+++ b/frappe/custom/report/audit_system_hooks/audit_system_hooks.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def get_data():
 
 		v = delist(v)
 
-		if isinstance(v, (dict, list)):
+		if isinstance(v, dict | list):
 			try:
 				return frappe.as_json(v)
 			except Exception:
diff --git a/frappe/database/database.py b/frappe/database/database.py
index 83b426236f..df7a968eb3 100644
--- a/frappe/database/database.py
+++ b/frappe/database/database.py
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ class Database:
 
 	def connect(self):
 		"""Connects to a database as set in `site_config.json`."""
-		self._conn: Union["MariadbConnection", "PostgresConnection"] = self.get_connection()
-		self._cursor: Union["MariadbCursor", "PostgresCursor"] = self._conn.cursor()
+		self._conn: "MariadbConnection" | "PostgresConnection" = self.get_connection()
+		self._cursor: "MariadbCursor" | "PostgresCursor" = self._conn.cursor()
 
 		try:
 			if execution_timeout := get_query_execution_timeout():
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class Database:
 		                {"name": "a%", "owner":"test@example.com"})
 
 		"""
-		if isinstance(query, (MySQLQueryBuilder, PostgreSQLQueryBuilder)):
+		if isinstance(query, MySQLQueryBuilder | PostgreSQLQueryBuilder):
 			frappe.errprint("Use run method to execute SQL queries generated by Query Engine")
 
 		debug = debug or getattr(self, "debug", False)
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class Database:
 
 		if values == EmptyQueryValues:
 			values = None
-		elif not isinstance(values, (tuple, dict, list)):
+		elif not isinstance(values, tuple | dict | list):
 			values = (values,)
 
 		query, values = self._transform_query(query, values)
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class Database:
 			elif as_dict:
 				keys = [column[0] for column in self._cursor.description]
 				for row in result:
-					row = frappe._dict(zip(keys, row))
+					row = frappe._dict(zip(keys, row, strict=False))
 					if update:
 						row.update(update)
 					yield row
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class Database:
 				return query % {
 					k: frappe.db.escape(v) if isinstance(v, str) else v for k, v in values.items()
 				}
-			elif isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
+			elif isinstance(values, list | tuple):
 				return query % tuple(frappe.db.escape(v) if isinstance(v, str) else v for v in values)
 			return query, values
 
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class Database:
 		if result:
 			keys = [column[0] for column in self._cursor.description]
 
-		return [frappe._dict(zip(keys, row)) for row in result]
+		return [frappe._dict(zip(keys, row, strict=False)) for row in result]
 
 	@staticmethod
 	def clear_db_table_cache(query):
diff --git a/frappe/database/mariadb/database.py b/frappe/database/mariadb/database.py
index 1c07d77d26..908e7bb479 100644
--- a/frappe/database/mariadb/database.py
+++ b/frappe/database/mariadb/database.py
@@ -291,18 +291,18 @@ class MariaDBDatabase(MariaDBConnectionUtil, MariaDBExceptionUtil, Database):
 	def create_global_search_table(self):
 		if "__global_search" not in self.get_tables():
 			self.sql(
-				"""create table __global_search(
+				f"""create table __global_search(
 				doctype varchar(100),
-				name varchar({0}),
-				title varchar({0}),
+				name varchar({self.VARCHAR_LEN}),
+				title varchar({self.VARCHAR_LEN}),
 				content text,
 				fulltext(content),
-				route varchar({0}),
+				route varchar({self.VARCHAR_LEN}),
 				published int(1) not null default 0,
 				unique `doctype_name` (doctype, name))
 				COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
 				ENGINE=MyISAM
-				CHARACTER SET=utf8mb4""".format(self.VARCHAR_LEN)
+				CHARACTER SET=utf8mb4"""
 			)
 
 	def create_user_settings_table(self):
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class MariaDBDatabase(MariaDBConnectionUtil, MariaDBExceptionUtil, Database):
 	def get_table_columns_description(self, table_name):
 		"""Return list of columns with descriptions."""
 		return self.sql(
-			"""select
+			f"""select
 			column_name as 'name',
 			column_type as 'type',
 			column_default as 'default',
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class MariaDBDatabase(MariaDBConnectionUtil, MariaDBExceptionUtil, Database):
 			column_key = 'UNI' as 'unique',
 			(is_nullable = 'NO') AS 'not_nullable'
 			from information_schema.columns as columns
-			where table_name = '{table_name}' """.format(table_name=table_name),
+			where table_name = '{table_name}' """,
 			as_dict=1,
 		)
 
@@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ class MariaDBDatabase(MariaDBConnectionUtil, MariaDBExceptionUtil, Database):
 
 	def has_index(self, table_name, index_name):
 		return self.sql(
-			"""SHOW INDEX FROM `{table_name}`
-			WHERE Key_name='{index_name}'""".format(table_name=table_name, index_name=index_name)
+			f"""SHOW INDEX FROM `{table_name}`
+			WHERE Key_name='{index_name}'"""
 		)
 
 	def get_column_index(self, table_name: str, fieldname: str, unique: bool = False) -> frappe._dict | None:
@@ -401,9 +401,8 @@ class MariaDBDatabase(MariaDBConnectionUtil, MariaDBExceptionUtil, Database):
 		if not self.has_index(table_name, index_name):
 			self.commit()
 			self.sql(
-				"""ALTER TABLE `%s`
-				ADD INDEX `%s`(%s)"""
-				% (table_name, index_name, ", ".join(fields))
+				"""ALTER TABLE `{}`
+				ADD INDEX `{}`({})""".format(table_name, index_name, ", ".join(fields))
 			)
 
 	def add_unique(self, doctype, fields, constraint_name=None):
@@ -419,9 +418,8 @@ class MariaDBDatabase(MariaDBConnectionUtil, MariaDBExceptionUtil, Database):
 		):
 			self.commit()
 			self.sql(
-				"""alter table `tab%s`
-					add unique `%s`(%s)"""
-				% (doctype, constraint_name, ", ".join(fields))
+				"""alter table `tab{}`
+					add unique `{}`({})""".format(doctype, constraint_name, ", ".join(fields))
 			)
 
 	def updatedb(self, doctype, meta=None):
diff --git a/frappe/database/mariadb/setup_db.py b/frappe/database/mariadb/setup_db.py
index 5ce6e47a42..96e80e741c 100644
--- a/frappe/database/mariadb/setup_db.py
+++ b/frappe/database/mariadb/setup_db.py
@@ -113,10 +113,7 @@ def check_database_settings():
 	result = True
 	for key, expected_value in REQUIRED_MARIADB_CONFIG.items():
 		if mariadb_variables.get(key) != expected_value:
-			print(
-				"For key %s. Expected value %s, found value %s"
-				% (key, expected_value, mariadb_variables.get(key))
-			)
+			print(f"For key {key}. Expected value {expected_value}, found value {mariadb_variables.get(key)}")
 			result = False
 
 	if not result:
diff --git a/frappe/database/postgres/database.py b/frappe/database/postgres/database.py
index a0030432dc..003455b5dd 100644
--- a/frappe/database/postgres/database.py
+++ b/frappe/database/postgres/database.py
@@ -288,14 +288,14 @@ class PostgresDatabase(PostgresExceptionUtil, Database):
 	def create_global_search_table(self):
 		if "__global_search" not in self.get_tables():
 			self.sql(
-				"""create table "__global_search"(
+				f"""create table "__global_search"(
 				doctype varchar(100),
-				name varchar({0}),
-				title varchar({0}),
+				name varchar({self.VARCHAR_LEN}),
+				title varchar({self.VARCHAR_LEN}),
 				content text,
-				route varchar({0}),
+				route varchar({self.VARCHAR_LEN}),
 				published int not null default 0,
-				unique (doctype, name))""".format(self.VARCHAR_LEN)
+				unique (doctype, name))"""
 			)
 
 	def create_user_settings_table(self):
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ class PostgresDatabase(PostgresExceptionUtil, Database):
 
 	def has_index(self, table_name, index_name):
 		return self.sql(
-			"""SELECT 1 FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename='{table_name}'
-			and indexname='{index_name}' limit 1""".format(table_name=table_name, index_name=index_name)
+			f"""SELECT 1 FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename='{table_name}'
+			and indexname='{index_name}' limit 1"""
 		)
 
 	def add_index(self, doctype: str, fields: list, index_name: str = None):
@@ -368,16 +368,15 @@ class PostgresDatabase(PostgresExceptionUtil, Database):
 		):
 			self.commit()
 			self.sql(
-				"""ALTER TABLE `tab%s`
-					ADD CONSTRAINT %s UNIQUE (%s)"""
-				% (doctype, constraint_name, ", ".join(fields))
+				"""ALTER TABLE `tab{}`
+					ADD CONSTRAINT {} UNIQUE ({})""".format(doctype, constraint_name, ", ".join(fields))
 			)
 
 	def get_table_columns_description(self, table_name):
 		"""Return list of columns with description."""
 		# pylint: disable=W1401
 		return self.sql(
-			"""
+			f"""
 			SELECT a.column_name AS name,
 			CASE LOWER(a.data_type)
 				WHEN 'character varying' THEN CONCAT('varchar(', a.character_maximum_length ,')')
@@ -398,7 +397,7 @@ class PostgresDatabase(PostgresExceptionUtil, Database):
 				ON SUBSTRING(b.indexdef, '(.*)') LIKE CONCAT('%', a.column_name, '%')
 			WHERE a.table_name = '{table_name}'
 			GROUP BY a.column_name, a.data_type, a.column_default, a.character_maximum_length, a.is_nullable;
-		""".format(table_name=table_name),
+		""",
 			as_dict=1,
 		)
 
@@ -441,7 +440,7 @@ def modify_query(query):
 
 def modify_values(values):
 	def modify_value(value):
-		if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+		if isinstance(value, list | tuple):
 			value = tuple(modify_values(value))
 
 		elif isinstance(value, int):
@@ -455,7 +454,7 @@ def modify_values(values):
 	if isinstance(values, dict):
 		for k, v in values.items():
 			values[k] = modify_value(v)
-	elif isinstance(values, (tuple, list)):
+	elif isinstance(values, tuple | list):
 		new_values = []
 		for val in values:
 			new_values.append(modify_value(val))
diff --git a/frappe/database/postgres/schema.py b/frappe/database/postgres/schema.py
index 18870e299d..018de93f41 100644
--- a/frappe/database/postgres/schema.py
+++ b/frappe/database/postgres/schema.py
@@ -54,16 +54,14 @@ class PostgresTable(DBTable):
 
 	def create_indexes(self):
 		create_index_query = ""
-		for key, col in self.columns.items():
+		for col in self.columns.values():
 			if (
 				col.set_index
 				and col.fieldtype in frappe.db.type_map
 				and frappe.db.type_map.get(col.fieldtype)[0] not in ("text", "longtext")
 			):
 				create_index_query += (
-					'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "{index_name}" ON `{table_name}`(`{field}`);'.format(
-						index_name=col.fieldname, table_name=self.table_name, field=col.fieldname
-					)
+					f'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "{col.fieldname}" ON `{self.table_name}`(`{col.fieldname}`);'
 				)
 		if create_index_query:
 			# nosemgrep
@@ -115,9 +113,7 @@ class PostgresTable(DBTable):
 		for col in self.add_index:
 			# if index key not exists
 			create_contraint_query += (
-				'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "{index_name}" ON `{table_name}`(`{field}`);'.format(
-					index_name=col.fieldname, table_name=self.table_name, field=col.fieldname
-				)
+				f'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "{col.fieldname}" ON `{self.table_name}`(`{col.fieldname}`);'
 			)
 
 		for col in self.add_unique:
diff --git a/frappe/database/query.py b/frappe/database/query.py
index bded4e3aee..a94f07ac06 100644
--- a/frappe/database/query.py
+++ b/frappe/database/query.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class Engine:
 		# add fields
 		self.fields = self.parse_fields(fields)
 		if not self.fields:
-			self.fields = [getattr(self.table, "name")]
+			self.fields = [self.table.name]
 
 		self.query._child_queries = []
 		for field in self.fields:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class Engine:
 		if filters is None:
 			return
 
-		if isinstance(filters, (str, int)):
+		if isinstance(filters, str | int):
 			filters = {"name": str(filters)}
 
 		if isinstance(filters, Criterion):
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ class Engine:
 		elif isinstance(filters, dict):
 			self.apply_dict_filters(filters)
 
-		elif isinstance(filters, (list, tuple)):
-			if all(isinstance(d, (str, int)) for d in filters) and len(filters) > 0:
+		elif isinstance(filters, list | tuple):
+			if all(isinstance(d, str | int) for d in filters) and len(filters) > 0:
 				self.apply_dict_filters({"name": ("in", filters)})
 			else:
 				for filter in filters:
-					if isinstance(filter, (str, int, Criterion, dict)):
+					if isinstance(filter, str | int | Criterion | dict):
 						self.apply_filters(filter)
-					elif isinstance(filter, (list, tuple)):
+					elif isinstance(filter, list | tuple):
 						self.apply_list_filters(filter)
 
 	def apply_list_filters(self, filter: list):
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class Engine:
 	def apply_dict_filters(self, filters: dict[str, str | int | list]):
 		for field, value in filters.items():
 			operator = "="
-			if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+			if isinstance(value, list | tuple):
 				operator, value = value
 
 			self._apply_filter(field, value, operator)
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class Engine:
 		if isinstance(_value, bool):
 			_value = int(_value)
 
-		elif not _value and isinstance(_value, (list, tuple)):
+		elif not _value and isinstance(_value, list | tuple):
 			_value = ("",)
 
 		# Nested set
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class Engine:
 				return MARIADB_SPECIFIC_COMMENT.sub("", stripped_field)
 			return stripped_field
 
-		if isinstance(fields, (list, tuple)):
+		if isinstance(fields, list | tuple):
 			return [_sanitize_field(field) for field in fields]
 		elif isinstance(fields, str):
 			return _sanitize_field(fields)
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ class Engine:
 		if not fields:
 			return []
 		fields = self.sanitize_fields(fields)
-		if isinstance(fields, (list, tuple, set)) and None in fields and Field not in fields:
+		if isinstance(fields, list | tuple | set) and None in fields and Field not in fields:
 			return []
 
-		if not isinstance(fields, (list, tuple)):
+		if not isinstance(fields, list | tuple):
 			fields = [fields]
 
 		def parse_field(field: str):
diff --git a/frappe/database/schema.py b/frappe/database/schema.py
index 6994fa88c8..c336ab5ba2 100644
--- a/frappe/database/schema.py
+++ b/frappe/database/schema.py
@@ -144,9 +144,7 @@ class DBTable:
 					try:
 						# check for truncation
 						max_length = frappe.db.sql(
-							"""SELECT MAX(CHAR_LENGTH(`{fieldname}`)) FROM `tab{doctype}`""".format(
-								fieldname=col.fieldname, doctype=self.doctype
-							)
+							f"""SELECT MAX(CHAR_LENGTH(`{col.fieldname}`)) FROM `tab{self.doctype}`"""
 						)
 
 					except frappe.db.InternalError as e:
diff --git a/frappe/defaults.py b/frappe/defaults.py
index d8ba0dc93b..af95c273a1 100644
--- a/frappe/defaults.py
+++ b/frappe/defaults.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def get_user_default(key, user=None):
 	d = user_defaults.get(key, None)
 
 	if is_a_user_permission_key(key):
-		if d and isinstance(d, (list, tuple)) and len(d) == 1:
+		if d and isinstance(d, list | tuple) and len(d) == 1:
 			# Use User Permission value when only when it has a single value
 			d = d[0]
 		else:
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def get_user_default(key, user=None):
 				# If no default value is found, use the User Permission value
 				d = user_permission_default
 
-	value = isinstance(d, (list, tuple)) and d[0] or d
+	value = isinstance(d, list | tuple) and d[0] or d
 	if not_in_user_permission(key, value, user):
 		return
 
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ def get_user_default_as_list(key, user=None):
 	d = user_defaults.get(key, None)
 
 	if is_a_user_permission_key(key):
-		if d and isinstance(d, (list, tuple)) and len(d) == 1:
+		if d and isinstance(d, list | tuple) and len(d) == 1:
 			# Use User Permission value when only when it has a single value
 			d = [d[0]]
 
 		else:
 			d = user_defaults.get(frappe.scrub(key), None)
 
-	d = list(filter(None, (not isinstance(d, (list, tuple))) and [d] or d))
+	d = list(filter(None, (not isinstance(d, list | tuple)) and [d] or d))
 
 	# filter default values if not found in user permission
 	return [value for value in d if not not_in_user_permission(key, value)]
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def add_global_default(key, value):
 def get_global_default(key):
 	d = get_defaults().get(key, None)
 
-	value = isinstance(d, (list, tuple)) and d[0] or d
+	value = isinstance(d, list | tuple) and d[0] or d
 	if not_in_user_permission(key, value):
 		return
 
diff --git a/frappe/deferred_insert.py b/frappe/deferred_insert.py
index 5c7e7a7f0d..fd370d8ac5 100644
--- a/frappe/deferred_insert.py
+++ b/frappe/deferred_insert.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ queue_prefix = "insert_queue_for_"
 
 
 def deferred_insert(doctype: str, records: list[Union[dict, "Document"]] | str):
-	if isinstance(records, (dict, list)):
+	if isinstance(records, dict | list):
 		_records = json.dumps(records)
 	else:
 		_records = records
diff --git a/frappe/desk/desktop.py b/frappe/desk/desktop.py
index c31be72461..26968f8430 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/desktop.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/desktop.py
@@ -559,11 +559,11 @@ def save_new_widget(doc, page, blocks, new_widgets):
 		json_config = widgets and dumps(widgets, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
 
 		# Error log body
-		log = """
-		page: {}
-		config: {}
-		exception: {}
-		""".format(page, json_config, e)
+		log = f"""
+		page: {page}
+		config: {json_config}
+		exception: {e}
+		"""
 		doc.log_error("Could not save customization", log)
 		raise
 
diff --git a/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard/dashboard.py b/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard/dashboard.py
index 0c0a96adba..59efa6e873 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard/dashboard.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard/dashboard.py
@@ -124,9 +124,7 @@ def get_non_standard_warning_message(non_standard_docs_map):
 	def get_html(docs, doctype):
 		html = f"<p>{frappe.bold(doctype)}</p>"
 		for doc in docs:
-			html += '<div><a href="/app/Form/{doctype}/{doc}">{doc}</a></div>'.format(
-				doctype=doctype, doc=doc
-			)
+			html += f'<div><a href="/app/Form/{doctype}/{doc}">{doc}</a></div>'
 		html += "<br>"
 		return html
 
diff --git a/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard_chart/dashboard_chart.py b/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard_chart/dashboard_chart.py
index a4345f269f..318f139a33 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard_chart/dashboard_chart.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/doctype/dashboard_chart/dashboard_chart.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def get_permission_query_conditions(user):
 		module_condition = """`tabDashboard Chart`.`module` in ({allowed_modules})
 			or `tabDashboard Chart`.`module` is NULL""".format(allowed_modules=",".join(allowed_modules))
 
-	return """
+	return f"""
 		((`tabDashboard Chart`.`chart_type` in ('Count', 'Sum', 'Average')
 		and {doctype_condition})
 		or
@@ -63,11 +63,7 @@ def get_permission_query_conditions(user):
 		and {report_condition}))
 		and
 		({module_condition})
-	""".format(
-		doctype_condition=doctype_condition,
-		report_condition=report_condition,
-		module_condition=module_condition,
-	)
+	"""
 
 
 def has_permission(doc, ptype, user):
@@ -248,9 +244,7 @@ def get_heatmap_chart_config(chart, filters, heatmap_year):
 			doctype,
 			fields=[
 				timestamp_field,
-				"{aggregate_function}({value_field})".format(
-					aggregate_function=aggregate_function, value_field=value_field
-				),
+				f"{aggregate_function}({value_field})",
 			],
 			filters=filters,
 			group_by=f"date({datefield})",
@@ -307,7 +301,7 @@ def get_result(data, timegrain, from_date, to_date, chart_type):
 	result = [[date, 0] for date in dates]
 	data_index = 0
 	if data:
-		for i, d in enumerate(result):
+		for d in result:
 			count = 0
 			while data_index < len(data) and getdate(data[data_index][0]) <= d[0]:
 				d[1] += data[data_index][1]
diff --git a/frappe/desk/doctype/event/event.py b/frappe/desk/doctype/event/event.py
index c35e4ef136..0765ad9f50 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/doctype/event/event.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/doctype/event/event.py
@@ -221,9 +221,7 @@ def delete_communication(event, reference_doctype, reference_docname):
 def get_permission_query_conditions(user):
 	if not user:
 		user = frappe.session.user
-	return """(`tabEvent`.`event_type`='Public' or `tabEvent`.`owner`={user})""".format(
-		user=frappe.db.escape(user),
-	)
+	return f"""(`tabEvent`.`event_type`='Public' or `tabEvent`.`owner`={frappe.db.escape(user)})"""
 
 
 def has_permission(doc, user):
diff --git a/frappe/desk/doctype/kanban_board/kanban_board.py b/frappe/desk/doctype/kanban_board/kanban_board.py
index c3a96c3c42..c8d26acb03 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/doctype/kanban_board/kanban_board.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/doctype/kanban_board/kanban_board.py
@@ -52,9 +52,7 @@ def get_permission_query_conditions(user):
 	if user == "Administrator":
 		return ""
 
-	return """(`tabKanban Board`.private=0 or `tabKanban Board`.owner={user})""".format(
-		user=frappe.db.escape(user)
-	)
+	return f"""(`tabKanban Board`.private=0 or `tabKanban Board`.owner={frappe.db.escape(user)})"""
 
 
 def has_permission(doc, ptype, user):
diff --git a/frappe/desk/doctype/number_card/number_card.py b/frappe/desk/doctype/number_card/number_card.py
index 034dff7f68..aea6743ce1 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/doctype/number_card/number_card.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/doctype/number_card/number_card.py
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ def get_permission_query_conditions(user=None):
 		module_condition = """`tabNumber Card`.`module` in ({allowed_modules})
 			or `tabNumber Card`.`module` is NULL""".format(allowed_modules=",".join(allowed_modules))
 
-	return """
+	return f"""
 		{doctype_condition}
 		and
 		{module_condition}
-	""".format(doctype_condition=doctype_condition, module_condition=module_condition)
+	"""
 
 
 def has_permission(doc, ptype, user):
@@ -141,11 +141,7 @@ def get_result(doc, filters, to_date=None):
 	if function == "count":
 		fields = [f"{function}(*) as result"]
 	else:
-		fields = [
-			"{function}({based_on}) as result".format(
-				function=function, based_on=doc.aggregate_function_based_on
-			)
-		]
+		fields = [f"{function}({doc.aggregate_function_based_on}) as result"]
 
 	if not filters:
 		filters = []
diff --git a/frappe/desk/form/linked_with.py b/frappe/desk/form/linked_with.py
index c51186a493..23300b0a1c 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/form/linked_with.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/form/linked_with.py
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def get_references_across_doctypes(
 	for k, v in references_by_dlink_fields.items():
 		references.setdefault(k, []).extend(v)
 
-	for doctype, links in references.items():
+	for links in references.values():
 		for link in links:
 			link["is_child"] = link["doctype"] in all_child_tables
 	return references
diff --git a/frappe/desk/form/load.py b/frappe/desk/form/load.py
index e090cf921e..d3c448fa03 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/form/load.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/form/load.py
@@ -286,9 +286,9 @@ def get_communication_data(
 	conditions = ""
 	if after:
 		# find after a particular date
-		conditions += """
-			AND C.creation > {}
-		""".format(after)
+		conditions += f"""
+			AND C.creation > {after}
+		"""
 
 	if doctype == "User":
 		conditions += """
@@ -296,23 +296,23 @@ def get_communication_data(
 		"""
 
 	# communications linked to reference_doctype
-	part1 = """
+	part1 = f"""
 		SELECT {fields}
 		FROM `tabCommunication` as C
 		WHERE C.communication_type IN ('Communication', 'Feedback', 'Automated Message')
 		AND (C.reference_doctype = %(doctype)s AND C.reference_name = %(name)s)
 		{conditions}
-	""".format(fields=fields, conditions=conditions)
+	"""
 
 	# communications linked in Timeline Links
-	part2 = """
+	part2 = f"""
 		SELECT {fields}
 		FROM `tabCommunication` as C
 		INNER JOIN `tabCommunication Link` ON C.name=`tabCommunication Link`.parent
 		WHERE C.communication_type IN ('Communication', 'Feedback', 'Automated Message')
 		AND `tabCommunication Link`.link_doctype = %(doctype)s AND `tabCommunication Link`.link_name = %(name)s
 		{conditions}
-	""".format(fields=fields, conditions=conditions)
+	"""
 
 	return frappe.db.sql(
 		"""
diff --git a/frappe/desk/form/utils.py b/frappe/desk/form/utils.py
index 353dea305f..b93ebdb5bc 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/form/utils.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/form/utils.py
@@ -105,6 +105,4 @@ def get_next(doctype, value, prev, filters=None, sort_order="desc", sort_field="
 
 
 def get_pdf_link(doctype, docname, print_format="Standard", no_letterhead=0):
-	return "/api/method/frappe.utils.print_format.download_pdf?doctype={doctype}&name={docname}&format={print_format}&no_letterhead={no_letterhead}".format(
-		doctype=doctype, docname=docname, print_format=print_format, no_letterhead=no_letterhead
-	)
+	return f"/api/method/frappe.utils.print_format.download_pdf?doctype={doctype}&name={docname}&format={print_format}&no_letterhead={no_letterhead}"
diff --git a/frappe/desk/leaderboard.py b/frappe/desk/leaderboard.py
index 91aa2084cc..4800a7d945 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/leaderboard.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/leaderboard.py
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ def get_energy_point_leaderboard(date_range, company=None, field=None, limit=Non
 	for user in energy_point_users:
 		user_id = user["name"]
 		user["name"] = get_fullname(user["name"])
-		user["formatted_name"] = '<a href="/app/user-profile/{}">{}</a>'.format(
-			user_id, get_fullname(user_id)
-		)
+		user["formatted_name"] = f'<a href="/app/user-profile/{user_id}">{get_fullname(user_id)}</a>'
 
 	return energy_point_users
diff --git a/frappe/desk/notifications.py b/frappe/desk/notifications.py
index 8132979dff..3ec0338e83 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/notifications.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/notifications.py
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ def get_open_count(doctype, name, items=None):
 				try:
 					external_links_data_for_d = get_external_links(d, name, links)
 					out["external_links_found"].append(external_links_data_for_d)
-				except Exception as e:
+				except Exception:
 					out["external_links_found"].append({"doctype": d, "open_count": 0, "count": 0})
 		else:
 			external_links_data_for_d = get_external_links(d, name, links)
diff --git a/frappe/desk/query_report.py b/frappe/desk/query_report.py
index d4189529aa..3003573d81 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/query_report.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/query_report.py
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def normalize_result(result, columns):
 	# Convert to list of dicts from list of lists/tuples
 	data = []
 	column_names = [column["fieldname"] for column in columns]
-	if result and isinstance(result[0], (list, tuple)):
+	if result and isinstance(result[0], list | tuple):
 		for row in result:
 			row_obj = {}
 			for idx, column_name in enumerate(column_names):
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ def get_data_for_custom_field(doctype, field, names=None):
 
 	filters = {}
 	if names:
-		if isinstance(names, (str, bytearray)):
+		if isinstance(names, str | bytearray):
 			names = frappe.json.loads(names)
 		filters.update({"name": ["in", names]})
 
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ def has_match(
 					cell_value = None
 					if isinstance(row, dict):
 						cell_value = row.get(idx)
-					elif isinstance(row, (list, tuple)):
+					elif isinstance(row, list | tuple):
 						cell_value = row[idx]
 
 					if (
@@ -691,10 +691,10 @@ def get_linked_doctypes(columns, data):
 
 	columns_dict = get_columns_dict(columns)
 
-	for idx, col in enumerate(columns):
+	for idx in range(len(columns)):
 		df = columns_dict[idx]
 		if df.get("fieldtype") == "Link":
-			if data and isinstance(data[0], (list, tuple)):
+			if data and isinstance(data[0], list | tuple):
 				linked_doctypes[df["options"]] = idx
 			else:
 				# dict
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ def get_linked_doctypes(columns, data):
 	for row in data:
 		if row:
 			if len(row) != len(columns_with_value):
-				if isinstance(row, (list, tuple)):
+				if isinstance(row, list | tuple):
 					row = enumerate(row)
 				elif isinstance(row, dict):
 					row = row.items()
diff --git a/frappe/desk/reportview.py b/frappe/desk/reportview.py
index c69542c44c..ae0d915b7c 100644
--- a/frappe/desk/reportview.py
+++ b/frappe/desk/reportview.py
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def get_meta_and_docfield(fieldname, data):
 
 def update_wildcard_field_param(data):
 	if (isinstance(data.fields, str) and data.fields == "*") or (
-		isinstance(data.fields, (list, tuple)) and len(data.fields) == 1 and data.fields[0] == "*"
+		isinstance(data.fields, list | tuple) and len(data.fields) == 1 and data.fields[0] == "*"
 	):
 		data.fields = get_permitted_fields(data.doctype, parenttype=data.parenttype)
 		return True
@@ -390,10 +390,10 @@ def append_totals_row(data):
 
 	for row in data:
 		for i in range(len(row)):
-			if isinstance(row[i], (float, int)):
+			if isinstance(row[i], float | int):
 				totals[i] = (totals[i] or 0) + row[i]
 
-	if not isinstance(totals[0], (int, float)):
+	if not isinstance(totals[0], int | float):
 		totals[0] = "Total"
 
 	data.append(totals)
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ def get_stats(stats, doctype, filters=None):
 
 		except frappe.db.SQLError:
 			pass
-		except frappe.db.InternalError as e:
+		except frappe.db.InternalError:
 			# raised when _user_tags column is added on the fly
 			pass
 
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ def get_filters_cond(doctype, filters, conditions, ignore_permissions=None, with
 			for f in filters:
 				if isinstance(f[1], str) and f[1][0] == "!":
 					flt.append([doctype, f[0], "!=", f[1][1:]])
-				elif isinstance(f[1], (list, tuple)) and f[1][0].lower() in (
+				elif isinstance(f[1], list | tuple) and f[1][0].lower() in (
 					"=",
 					">",
 					"<",
diff --git a/frappe/email/doctype/auto_email_report/auto_email_report.py b/frappe/email/doctype/auto_email_report/auto_email_report.py
index 88cd216e9a..9ec44ab383 100644
--- a/frappe/email/doctype/auto_email_report/auto_email_report.py
+++ b/frappe/email/doctype/auto_email_report/auto_email_report.py
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ def send_daily():
 				continue
 		try:
 			auto_email_report.send()
-		except Exception as e:
+		except Exception:
 			auto_email_report.log_error(f"Failed to send {auto_email_report.name} Auto Email Report")
 
 
diff --git a/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/email_account.py b/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/email_account.py
index a438af445d..3fa72d4680 100755
--- a/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/email_account.py
+++ b/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/email_account.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import email.utils
 import functools
 import imaplib
-import socket
 import time
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from poplib import error_proto
@@ -96,7 +95,15 @@ class EmailAccount(Document):
 		password: DF.Password | None
 		send_notification_to: DF.SmallText | None
 		send_unsubscribe_message: DF.Check
-		service: DF.Literal["", "GMail", "Sendgrid", "SparkPost", "Yahoo Mail", "Outlook.com", "Yandex.Mail"]
+		service: DF.Literal[
+			"",
+			"GMail",
+			"Sendgrid",
+			"SparkPost",
+			"Yahoo Mail",
+			"Outlook.com",
+			"Yandex.Mail",
+		]
 		signature: DF.TextEditor | None
 		smtp_port: DF.Data | None
 		smtp_server: DF.Data | None
@@ -191,20 +198,27 @@ class EmailAccount(Document):
 			self.default_incoming = False
 			messages.append(
 				_("{} has been disabled. It can only be enabled if {} is checked.").format(
-					frappe.bold(_("Default Incoming")), frappe.bold(_("Enable Incoming"))
+					frappe.bold(_("Default Incoming")),
+					frappe.bold(_("Enable Incoming")),
 				)
 			)
 		if not self.enable_outgoing and self.default_outgoing:
 			self.default_outgoing = False
 			messages.append(
 				_("{} has been disabled. It can only be enabled if {} is checked.").format(
-					frappe.bold(_("Default Outgoing")), frappe.bold(_("Enable Outgoing"))
+					frappe.bold(_("Default Outgoing")),
+					frappe.bold(_("Enable Outgoing")),
 				)
 			)
 		if messages:
 			if len(messages) == 1:
 				(as_list, messages) = (0, messages[0])
-			frappe.msgprint(messages, as_list=as_list, indicator="orange", title=_("Defaults Updated"))
+			frappe.msgprint(
+				messages,
+				as_list=as_list,
+				indicator="orange",
+				title=_("Defaults Updated"),
+			)
 
 	def on_update(self):
 		"""Check there is only one default of each type."""
@@ -284,7 +298,11 @@ class EmailAccount(Document):
 				"loginfailed",
 			]
 
-			other_error_codes = ["err[auth]", "errtemporaryerror", "loginviayourwebbrowser"]
+			other_error_codes = [
+				"err[auth]",
+				"errtemporaryerror",
+				"loginviayourwebbrowser",
+			]
 
 			all_error_codes = auth_error_codes + other_error_codes
 
@@ -563,7 +581,15 @@ class EmailAccount(Document):
 				seen_status = messages.get("seen_status", {}).get(uid)
 				if self.email_sync_option != "UNSEEN" or seen_status != "SEEN":
 					# only append the emails with status != 'SEEN' if sync option is set to 'UNSEEN'
-					mails.append(InboundMail(message, self, frappe.safe_decode(uid), seen_status, append_to))
+					mails.append(
+						InboundMail(
+							message,
+							self,
+							frappe.safe_decode(uid),
+							seen_status,
+							append_to,
+						)
+					)
 
 		if not self.enable_incoming:
 			return []
@@ -618,7 +644,9 @@ class EmailAccount(Document):
 
 	def send_auto_reply(self, communication, email):
 		"""Send auto reply if set."""
-		from frappe.core.doctype.communication.email import set_incoming_outgoing_accounts
+		from frappe.core.doctype.communication.email import (
+			set_incoming_outgoing_accounts,
+		)
 
 		if self.enable_auto_reply:
 			set_incoming_outgoing_accounts(communication)
@@ -671,7 +699,10 @@ class EmailAccount(Document):
 			if not self.enable_incoming:
 				frappe.throw(_("Automatic Linking can be activated only if Incoming is enabled."))
 
-			if frappe.db.exists("Email Account", {"enable_automatic_linking": 1, "name": ("!=", self.name)}):
+			if frappe.db.exists(
+				"Email Account",
+				{"enable_automatic_linking": 1, "name": ("!=", self.name)},
+			):
 				frappe.throw(_("Automatic Linking can be activated only for one Email Account."))
 
 	def append_email_to_sent_folder(self, message):
@@ -717,7 +748,9 @@ def notify_unreplied():
 	"""Sends email notifications if there are unreplied Communications
 	and `notify_if_unreplied` is set as true."""
 	for email_account in frappe.get_all(
-		"Email Account", "name", filters={"enable_incoming": 1, "notify_if_unreplied": 1}
+		"Email Account",
+		"name",
+		filters={"enable_incoming": 1, "notify_if_unreplied": 1},
 	):
 		email_account = frappe.get_doc("Email Account", email_account.name)
 
@@ -774,7 +807,12 @@ def pull(now=False):
 	doctype = frappe.qb.DocType("Email Account")
 	email_accounts = (
 		frappe.qb.from_(doctype)
-		.select(doctype.name, doctype.auth_method, doctype.connected_app, doctype.connected_user)
+		.select(
+			doctype.name,
+			doctype.auth_method,
+			doctype.connected_app,
+			doctype.connected_user,
+		)
 		.where(doctype.enable_incoming == 1)
 		.where(doctype.awaiting_password == 0)
 		.run(as_dict=1)
@@ -820,10 +858,9 @@ def pull_from_email_account(email_account):
 
 
 def get_max_email_uid(email_account):
-	# get maximum uid of emails
-	max_uid = 1
+	"""get maximum uid of emails"""
 
-	result = frappe.get_all(
+	if result := frappe.get_all(
 		"Communication",
 		filters={
 			"communication_medium": "Email",
@@ -831,12 +868,9 @@ def get_max_email_uid(email_account):
 			"email_account": email_account,
 		},
 		fields=["max(uid) as uid"],
-	)
-
-	if not result:
-		return 1
-	else:
+	):
 		return cint(result[0].get("uid", 0)) + 1
+	return 1
 
 
 def setup_user_email_inbox(email_account, awaiting_password, email_id, enable_outgoing, used_oauth):
@@ -868,7 +902,11 @@ def setup_user_email_inbox(email_account, awaiting_password, email_id, enable_ou
 
 		# check if inbox is alreay configured
 		user_inbox = (
-			frappe.db.get_value("User Email", {"email_account": email_account, "parent": user_name}, ["name"])
+			frappe.db.get_value(
+				"User Email",
+				{"email_account": email_account, "parent": user_name},
+				["name"],
+			)
 			or None
 		)
 
@@ -895,7 +933,11 @@ def remove_user_email_inbox(email_account):
 	if not email_account:
 		return
 
-	users = frappe.get_all("User Email", filters={"email_account": email_account}, fields=["parent as name"])
+	users = frappe.get_all(
+		"User Email",
+		filters={"email_account": email_account},
+		fields=["parent as name"],
+	)
 
 	for user in users:
 		doc = frappe.get_doc("User", user.get("name"))
diff --git a/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/test_email_account.py b/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/test_email_account.py
index 16364104fa..4728881d7e 100644
--- a/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/test_email_account.py
+++ b/frappe/email/doctype/email_account/test_email_account.py
@@ -413,10 +413,13 @@ class TestEmailAccount(FrappeTestCase):
 	@patch("frappe.email.receive.EmailServer.select_imap_folder", return_value=True)
 	@patch("frappe.email.receive.EmailServer.logout", side_effect=lambda: None)
 	def mocked_get_inbound_mails(
-		email_account, messages={}, mocked_logout=None, mocked_select_imap_folder=None
+		email_account, messages=None, mocked_logout=None, mocked_select_imap_folder=None
 	):
 		from frappe.email.receive import EmailServer
 
+		if messages is None:
+			messages = {}
+
 		def get_mocked_messages(**kwargs):
 			return messages.get(kwargs["folder"], {})
 
@@ -427,7 +430,12 @@ class TestEmailAccount(FrappeTestCase):
 
 	@patch("frappe.email.receive.EmailServer.select_imap_folder", return_value=True)
 	@patch("frappe.email.receive.EmailServer.logout", side_effect=lambda: None)
-	def mocked_email_receive(email_account, messages={}, mocked_logout=None, mocked_select_imap_folder=None):
+	def mocked_email_receive(
+		email_account, messages=None, mocked_logout=None, mocked_select_imap_folder=None
+	):
+		if messages is None:
+			messages = {}
+
 		def get_mocked_messages(**kwargs):
 			return messages.get(kwargs["folder"], {})
 
diff --git a/frappe/email/doctype/email_group/email_group.py b/frappe/email/doctype/email_group/email_group.py
index a6fafe9a03..8c80a52fcb 100755
--- a/frappe/email/doctype/email_group/email_group.py
+++ b/frappe/email/doctype/email_group/email_group.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def import_from(name, doctype):
 
 @frappe.whitelist()
 def add_subscribers(name, email_list):
-	if not isinstance(email_list, (list, tuple)):
+	if not isinstance(email_list, list | tuple):
 		email_list = email_list.replace(",", "\n").split("\n")
 
 	template = frappe.db.get_value("Email Group", name, "welcome_email_template")
diff --git a/frappe/frappeclient.py b/frappe/frappeclient.py
index 00d0ef332a..1bee9db571 100644
--- a/frappe/frappeclient.py
+++ b/frappe/frappeclient.py
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class FrappeClient:
 	def preprocess(self, params):
 		"""convert dicts, lists to json"""
 		for key, value in params.items():
-			if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+			if isinstance(value, dict | list):
 				params[key] = json.dumps(value)
 
 		return params
diff --git a/frappe/gettext/extractors/navbar.py b/frappe/gettext/extractors/navbar.py
index c40790dd41..924d3a4403 100644
--- a/frappe/gettext/extractors/navbar.py
+++ b/frappe/gettext/extractors/navbar.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def extract(fileobj, *args, **kwargs):
 	module = get_module(fileobj.name)
 
 	if hasattr(module, "standard_navbar_items"):
-		standard_navbar_items = getattr(module, "standard_navbar_items")
+		standard_navbar_items = module.standard_navbar_items
 		for nav_item in standard_navbar_items:
 			if label := nav_item.get("item_label"):
 				item_type = nav_item.get("item_type")
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def extract(fileobj, *args, **kwargs):
 				)
 
 	if hasattr(module, "standard_help_items"):
-		standard_help_items = getattr(module, "standard_help_items")
+		standard_help_items = module.standard_help_items
 		for help_item in standard_help_items:
 			if label := help_item.get("item_label"):
 				item_type = nav_item.get("item_type")
diff --git a/frappe/installer.py b/frappe/installer.py
index d33926690d..682ef4fd7c 100644
--- a/frappe/installer.py
+++ b/frappe/installer.py
@@ -834,10 +834,10 @@ def partial_restore(sql_file_path, verbose=False):
 
 		warn = click.style(
 			"Delete the tables you want to restore manually before attempting"
-			" partial restore operation for PostreSQL databases",
+			" partial restore operation for PostgreSQL databases",
 			fg="yellow",
 		)
-		warnings.warn(warn)
+		warnings.warn(warn, stacklevel=2)
 	else:
 		click.secho("Unsupported database type", fg="red")
 		return
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/doctype/dropbox_settings/dropbox_settings.py b/frappe/integrations/doctype/dropbox_settings/dropbox_settings.py
index 031ba18817..edcbba1c3f 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/doctype/dropbox_settings/dropbox_settings.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/doctype/dropbox_settings/dropbox_settings.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def take_backup_to_dropbox(retry_count=0, upload_db_backup=True):
 		if isinstance(error_log, str):
 			error_message = error_log + "\n" + frappe.get_traceback()
 		else:
-			file_and_error = [" - ".join(f) for f in zip(did_not_upload, error_log)]
+			file_and_error = [" - ".join(f) for f in zip(did_not_upload, error_log, strict=False)]
 			error_message = "\n".join(file_and_error) + "\n" + frappe.get_traceback()
 
 		send_email(False, "Dropbox", "Dropbox Settings", "send_notifications_to", error_message)
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/doctype/ldap_settings/test_ldap_settings.py b/frappe/integrations/doctype/ldap_settings/test_ldap_settings.py
index 1fcda3e077..92918e8197 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/doctype/ldap_settings/test_ldap_settings.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/doctype/ldap_settings/test_ldap_settings.py
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ class LDAP_TestCase:
 	@mock_ldap_connection
 	def test_get_ldap_attributes(self):
 		method_return = self.test_class.get_ldap_attributes()
-		self.assertTrue(type(method_return) is list)
+		self.assertTrue(isinstance(method_return, list))
 
 	@mock_ldap_connection
 	def test_fetch_ldap_groups(self):
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ class LDAP_TestCase:
 		test_ldap_entry = self.connection.entries[0]
 		method_return = self.test_class.convert_ldap_entry_to_dict(test_ldap_entry)
 
-		self.assertTrue(type(method_return) is dict)  # must be dict
+		self.assertTrue(isinstance(method_return, dict))  # must be dict
 		self.assertTrue(len(method_return) == 6)  # there are 6 fields in mock_ldap for use
 
 
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/frappe_providers/frappecloud.py b/frappe/integrations/frappe_providers/frappecloud.py
index bae811d41d..f276004427 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/frappe_providers/frappecloud.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/frappe_providers/frappecloud.py
@@ -12,11 +12,7 @@ def frappecloud_migrator(local_site):
 	request = requests.get(request_url)
 
 	if request.status_code / 100 != 2:
-		print(
-			"Request exitted with Status Code: {}\nPayload: {}".format(
-				request.status_code, html2text(request.text)
-			)
-		)
+		print(f"Request exited with Status Code: {request.status_code}\nPayload: {html2text(request.text)}")
 		click.secho(
 			"Some errors occurred while recovering the migration script. Please contact us @ Frappe Cloud if this issue persists",
 			fg="yellow",
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/google_oauth.py b/frappe/integrations/google_oauth.py
index 19d6035f3a..c3a154f0e9 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/google_oauth.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/google_oauth.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class GoogleOAuth:
 		self.domain = domain.lower()
 		self.scopes = (
 			" ".join(_SCOPES[self.domain])
-			if isinstance(_SCOPES[self.domain], (list, tuple))
+			if isinstance(_SCOPES[self.domain], list | tuple)
 			else _SCOPES[self.domain]
 		)
 
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/offsite_backup_utils.py b/frappe/integrations/offsite_backup_utils.py
index da9f35b146..8cd29d5ecc 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/offsite_backup_utils.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/offsite_backup_utils.py
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ def send_email(success, service_name, doctype, email_field, error_status=None):
 		)
 	else:
 		subject = "[Warning] Backup Upload Failed"
-		message = """
+		message = f"""
 <h3>Backup Upload Failed!</h3>
-<p>Oops, your automated backup to {} failed.</p>
-<p>Error message: {}</p>
-<p>Please contact your system manager for more information.</p>""".format(service_name, error_status)
+<p>Oops, your automated backup to {service_name} failed.</p>
+<p>Error message: {error_status}</p>
+<p>Please contact your system manager for more information.</p>"""
 
 	frappe.sendmail(recipients=recipients, subject=subject, message=message)
 
diff --git a/frappe/integrations/utils.py b/frappe/integrations/utils.py
index ca6065c577..47fec33013 100644
--- a/frappe/integrations/utils.py
+++ b/frappe/integrations/utils.py
@@ -155,5 +155,5 @@ def get_json(obj):
 
 
 def json_handler(obj):
-	if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.timedelta, datetime.datetime)):
+	if isinstance(obj, datetime.date | datetime.timedelta | datetime.datetime):
 		return str(obj)
diff --git a/frappe/model/base_document.py b/frappe/model/base_document.py
index 2c7933b1d7..943fcfae10 100644
--- a/frappe/model/base_document.py
+++ b/frappe/model/base_document.py
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class BaseDocument:
 
 		value = self.__dict__.get(key, default)
 
-		if limit and isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) and len(value) > limit:
+		if limit and isinstance(value, list | tuple) and len(value) > limit:
 			value = value[:limit]
 
 		return value
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class BaseDocument:
 					value = None
 
 			if convert_dates_to_str and isinstance(
-				value, (datetime.datetime, datetime.date, datetime.time, datetime.timedelta)
+				value, datetime.datetime | datetime.date | datetime.time | datetime.timedelta
 			):
 				value = str(value)
 
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ class BaseDocument:
 		if not doc:
 			doc = getattr(self, "parent_doc", None) or self
 
-		if (absolute_value or doc.get("absolute_value")) and isinstance(val, (int, float)):
+		if (absolute_value or doc.get("absolute_value")) and isinstance(val, int | float):
 			val = abs(self.get(fieldname))
 
 		return format_value(val, df=df, doc=doc, currency=currency, format=format)
@@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ def _filter(data, filters, limit=None):
 		for f in filters:
 			fval = filters[f]
 
-			if not isinstance(fval, (tuple, list)):
+			if not isinstance(fval, tuple | list):
 				if fval is True:
 					fval = ("not None", fval)
 				elif fval is False:
diff --git a/frappe/model/db_query.py b/frappe/model/db_query.py
index 23a46425c5..da4dd4f112 100644
--- a/frappe/model/db_query.py
+++ b/frappe/model/db_query.py
@@ -222,15 +222,12 @@ class DatabaseQuery:
 		if frappe.db.db_type == "postgres" and args.order_by and args.group_by:
 			args = self.prepare_select_args(args)
 
-		query = (
-			"""select %(fields)s
-			from %(tables)s
-			%(conditions)s
-			%(group_by)s
-			%(order_by)s
-			%(limit)s"""
-			% args
-		)
+		query = """select {fields}
+			from {tables}
+			{conditions}
+			{group_by}
+			{order_by}
+			{limit}""".format(**args)
 
 		return frappe.db.sql(
 			query,
@@ -1270,7 +1267,7 @@ def get_between_date_filter(value, df=None):
 	from_date = frappe.utils.nowdate()
 	to_date = frappe.utils.nowdate()
 
-	if value and isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+	if value and isinstance(value, list | tuple):
 		if len(value) >= 1:
 			from_date = value[0]
 		if len(value) >= 2:
diff --git a/frappe/model/delete_doc.py b/frappe/model/delete_doc.py
index 5967e9c5c9..c6cce21a06 100644
--- a/frappe/model/delete_doc.py
+++ b/frappe/model/delete_doc.py
@@ -354,8 +354,8 @@ def check_if_doc_is_dynamically_linked(doc, method="Delete"):
 
 
 def raise_link_exists_exception(doc, reference_doctype, reference_docname, row=""):
-	doc_link = '<a href="/app/Form/{0}/{1}">{1}</a>'.format(doc.doctype, doc.name)
-	reference_link = '<a href="/app/Form/{0}/{1}">{1}</a>'.format(reference_doctype, reference_docname)
+	doc_link = f'<a href="/app/Form/{doc.doctype}/{doc.name}">{doc.name}</a>'
+	reference_link = f'<a href="/app/Form/{reference_doctype}/{reference_docname}">{reference_docname}</a>'
 
 	# hack to display Single doctype only once in message
 	if reference_doctype == reference_docname:
@@ -407,12 +407,12 @@ def clear_references(
 	reference_name_field="reference_name",
 ):
 	frappe.db.sql(
-		"""update
-			`tab{0}`
+		f"""update
+			`tab{doctype}`
 		set
-			{1}=NULL, {2}=NULL
+			{reference_doctype_field}=NULL, {reference_name_field}=NULL
 		where
-			{1}=%s and {2}=%s""".format(doctype, reference_doctype_field, reference_name_field),  # nosec
+			{reference_doctype_field}=%s and {reference_name_field}=%s""",  # nosec
 		(reference_doctype, reference_name),
 	)
 
diff --git a/frappe/model/document.py b/frappe/model/document.py
index 48c37bd8e5..090008492e 100644
--- a/frappe/model/document.py
+++ b/frappe/model/document.py
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 
 		else:
 			get_value_kwargs = {"for_update": self.flags.for_update, "as_dict": True}
-			if not isinstance(self.name, (dict, list)):
+			if not isinstance(self.name, dict | list):
 				get_value_kwargs["order_by"] = None
 
 			d = frappe.db.get_value(
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 		if not missing:
 			return
 
-		for fieldname, msg in missing:
+		for idx, msg in missing:  # noqa: B007
 			msgprint(msg)
 
 		if frappe.flags.print_messages:
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 			doc_to_compare = frappe.get_doc(self.doctype, amended_from)
 
 		version = frappe.new_doc("Version")
-		if is_useful_diff := version.update_version_info(doc_to_compare, self):
+		if version.update_version_info(doc_to_compare, self):
 			version.insert(ignore_permissions=True)
 
 			if not frappe.flags.in_migrate:
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 				file_lock.delete_lock(signature)
 				lock_exists = False
 			if timeout:
-				for i in range(timeout):
+				for _ in range(timeout):
 					time.sleep(1)
 					if not file_lock.lock_exists(signature):
 						lock_exists = False
diff --git a/frappe/model/meta.py b/frappe/model/meta.py
index 7a205cf507..8dca6b32bf 100644
--- a/frappe/model/meta.py
+++ b/frappe/model/meta.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class Meta(Document):
 		def serialize(doc):
 			out = {}
 			for key, value in doc.__dict__.items():
-				if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+				if isinstance(value, list | tuple):
 					if not value or not isinstance(value[0], BaseDocument):
 						# non standard list object, skip
 						continue
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class Meta(Document):
 					value = [serialize(d) for d in value]
 
 				if (not no_nulls and value is None) or isinstance(
-					value, (str, int, float, datetime, list, tuple)
+					value, str | int | float | datetime | list | tuple
 				):
 					out[key] = value
 
@@ -713,9 +713,7 @@ class Meta(Document):
 			module_name, "doctype", doctype, "templates", doctype + suffix + ".html"
 		)
 		if os.path.exists(template_path):
-			return "{module_name}/doctype/{doctype_name}/templates/{doctype_name}{suffix}.html".format(
-				module_name=module_name, doctype_name=doctype, suffix=suffix
-			)
+			return f"{module_name}/doctype/{doctype}/templates/{doctype}{suffix}.html"
 		return None
 
 	def is_nested_set(self):
diff --git a/frappe/model/naming.py b/frappe/model/naming.py
index 5a0e23159f..15e4c549e6 100644
--- a/frappe/model/naming.py
+++ b/frappe/model/naming.py
@@ -465,12 +465,10 @@ def append_number_if_name_exists(doctype, value, fieldname="name", separator="-"
 
 	if exists:
 		last = frappe.db.sql(
-			"""SELECT `{fieldname}` FROM `tab{doctype}`
-			WHERE `{fieldname}` {regex_character} %s
+			f"""SELECT `{fieldname}` FROM `tab{doctype}`
+			WHERE `{fieldname}` {frappe.db.REGEX_CHARACTER} %s
 			ORDER BY length({fieldname}) DESC,
-			`{fieldname}` DESC LIMIT 1""".format(
-				doctype=doctype, fieldname=fieldname, regex_character=frappe.db.REGEX_CHARACTER
-			),
+			`{fieldname}` DESC LIMIT 1""",
 			regex,
 		)
 
diff --git a/frappe/model/rename_doc.py b/frappe/model/rename_doc.py
index 42864880a0..b535331c23 100644
--- a/frappe/model/rename_doc.py
+++ b/frappe/model/rename_doc.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def update_document_title(
 
 	# TODO: omit this after runtime type checking (ref: https://github.com/frappe/frappe/pull/14927)
 	for obj in [docname, updated_title, updated_name]:
-		if not isinstance(obj, (str, NoneType)):
+		if not isinstance(obj, str | NoneType):
 			frappe.throw(f"{obj=} must be of type str or None")
 
 	# handle bad API usages
diff --git a/frappe/model/utils/__init__.py b/frappe/model/utils/__init__.py
index d0015101b1..7d8a389ec9 100644
--- a/frappe/model/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/frappe/model/utils/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import re
 
 import frappe
-from frappe import _
 from frappe.build import html_to_js_template
 from frappe.utils import cstr
 from frappe.utils.caching import site_cache
@@ -30,9 +29,8 @@ def set_default(doc, key):
 		frappe.db.set(doc, "is_default", 1)
 
 	frappe.db.sql(
-		"""update `tab%s` set `is_default`=0
-		where `%s`=%s and name!=%s"""
-		% (doc.doctype, key, "%s", "%s"),
+		"""update `tab{}` set `is_default`=0
+		where `{}`={} and name!={}""".format(doc.doctype, key, "%s", "%s"),
 		(doc.get(key), doc.name),
 	)
 
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ def render_include(content):
 	content = cstr(content)
 
 	# try 5 levels of includes
-	for i in range(5):
+	for _ in range(5):
 		if "{% include" in content:
 			paths = INCLUDE_DIRECTIVE_PATTERN.findall(content)
 			if not paths:
diff --git a/frappe/model/utils/rename_field.py b/frappe/model/utils/rename_field.py
index e3b0835ddd..23c934da74 100644
--- a/frappe/model/utils/rename_field.py
+++ b/frappe/model/utils/rename_field.py
@@ -27,9 +27,8 @@ def rename_field(doctype, old_fieldname, new_fieldname, validate=True):
 	if new_field.fieldtype in table_fields:
 		# change parentfield of table mentioned in options
 		frappe.db.sql(
-			"""update `tab%s` set parentfield=%s
-			where parentfield=%s"""
-			% (new_field.options.split("\n", 1)[0], "%s", "%s"),
+			"""update `tab{}` set parentfield={}
+			where parentfield={}""".format(new_field.options.split("\n", 1)[0], "%s", "%s"),
 			(new_fieldname, old_fieldname),
 		)
 
@@ -142,9 +141,8 @@ def update_users_report_view_settings(doctype, ref_fieldname, new_fieldname):
 
 		if columns_modified:
 			frappe.db.sql(
-				"""update `tabDefaultValue` set defvalue=%s
-				where defkey=%s"""
-				% ("%s", "%s"),
+				"""update `tabDefaultValue` set defvalue={}
+				where defkey={}""".format("%s", "%s"),
 				(json.dumps(new_columns), key),
 			)
 
diff --git a/frappe/modules/import_file.py b/frappe/modules/import_file.py
index 56f3956f6f..52379892d0 100644
--- a/frappe/modules/import_file.py
+++ b/frappe/modules/import_file.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ignore_doctypes = [""]
 
 
 def import_files(module, dt=None, dn=None, force=False, pre_process=None, reset_permissions=False):
-	if type(module) is list:
+	if isinstance(module, list):
 		return [
 			import_file(
 				m[0],
@@ -209,11 +209,7 @@ def import_doc(
 	docdict["__islocal"] = 1
 
 	controller = get_controller(docdict["doctype"])
-	if (
-		controller
-		and hasattr(controller, "prepare_for_import")
-		and callable(getattr(controller, "prepare_for_import"))
-	):
+	if controller and hasattr(controller, "prepare_for_import") and callable(controller.prepare_for_import):
 		controller.prepare_for_import(docdict)
 
 	doc = frappe.get_doc(docdict)
diff --git a/frappe/parallel_test_runner.py b/frappe/parallel_test_runner.py
index 8f101be883..b0d3244e18 100644
--- a/frappe/parallel_test_runner.py
+++ b/frappe/parallel_test_runner.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def split_by_weight(work, weights, chunk_count):
 	chunk_no = 0
 	chunk_weight = 0
 
-	for task, weight in zip(work, weights):
+	for task, weight in zip(work, weights, strict=False):
 		if chunk_weight > expected_weight:
 			chunk_weight = 0
 			chunk_no += 1
diff --git a/frappe/patches/v11_0/delete_duplicate_user_permissions.py b/frappe/patches/v11_0/delete_duplicate_user_permissions.py
index a8bb291769..27af1e98c7 100644
--- a/frappe/patches/v11_0/delete_duplicate_user_permissions.py
+++ b/frappe/patches/v11_0/delete_duplicate_user_permissions.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def execute():
 
 	for record in duplicateRecords:
 		frappe.db.sql(
-			"""delete from `tabUser Permission`
-			where allow=%s and user=%s and for_value=%s limit {}""".format(record.count - 1),
+			f"""delete from `tabUser Permission`
+			where allow=%s and user=%s and for_value=%s limit {record.count - 1}""",
 			(record.allow, record.user, record.for_value),
 		)
diff --git a/frappe/patches/v11_0/update_list_user_settings.py b/frappe/patches/v11_0/update_list_user_settings.py
index 5cbcd3bc0a..f90871af27 100644
--- a/frappe/patches/v11_0/update_list_user_settings.py
+++ b/frappe/patches/v11_0/update_list_user_settings.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ def execute():
 	for user in users:
 		# get user_settings for each user
 		settings = frappe.db.sql(
-			"select * from `__UserSettings` \
-			where user={}".format(frappe.db.escape(user.user)),
+			f"select * from `__UserSettings` \
+			where user={frappe.db.escape(user.user)}",
 			as_dict=True,
 		)
 
diff --git a/frappe/patches/v12_0/move_email_and_phone_to_child_table.py b/frappe/patches/v12_0/move_email_and_phone_to_child_table.py
index 7511a2ee1d..e1fcb72e21 100644
--- a/frappe/patches/v12_0/move_email_and_phone_to_child_table.py
+++ b/frappe/patches/v12_0/move_email_and_phone_to_child_table.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ def execute():
 	phone_values = []
 	for count, contact_detail in enumerate(contact_details):
 		phone_counter = 1
-		is_primary = 1
 		if contact_detail.email_id:
 			email_values.append(
 				(
diff --git a/frappe/patches/v12_0/replace_null_values_in_tables.py b/frappe/patches/v12_0/replace_null_values_in_tables.py
index 1dc8d964a1..617e9886f6 100644
--- a/frappe/patches/v12_0/replace_null_values_in_tables.py
+++ b/frappe/patches/v12_0/replace_null_values_in_tables.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def execute():
 		update_column_table_map.setdefault(field.TABLE_NAME, [])
 
 		update_column_table_map[field.TABLE_NAME].append(
-			"`{fieldname}`=COALESCE(`{fieldname}`, 0)".format(fieldname=field.COLUMN_NAME)
+			f"`{field.COLUMN_NAME}`=COALESCE(`{field.COLUMN_NAME}`, 0)"
 		)
 
 	for table in frappe.db.get_tables():
diff --git a/frappe/patches/v13_0/update_date_filters_in_user_settings.py b/frappe/patches/v13_0/update_date_filters_in_user_settings.py
index 6565641d9b..030ea3936d 100644
--- a/frappe/patches/v13_0/update_date_filters_in_user_settings.py
+++ b/frappe/patches/v13_0/update_date_filters_in_user_settings.py
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ def execute():
 
 	for user in users:
 		user_settings = frappe.db.sql(
-			"""
+			f"""
 			select
 				* from `__UserSettings`
 			where
-				user='{user}'
-		""".format(user=user.user),
+				user='{user.user}'
+		""",
 			as_dict=True,
 		)
 
diff --git a/frappe/permissions.py b/frappe/permissions.py
index cb13ca45af..97e31255ef 100644
--- a/frappe/permissions.py
+++ b/frappe/permissions.py
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def has_permission(
 	meta = frappe.get_meta(doctype)
 
 	if doc:
-		if isinstance(doc, (str, int)):
+		if isinstance(doc, str | int):
 			doc = frappe.get_doc(meta.name, doc)
 		perm = get_doc_permissions(doc, user=user, ptype=ptype, debug=debug).get(ptype)
 		if not perm:
diff --git a/frappe/recorder.py b/frappe/recorder.py
index a0b4c17880..974f98b371 100644
--- a/frappe/recorder.py
+++ b/frappe/recorder.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def get_current_stack_frames():
 	try:
 		current = inspect.currentframe()
 		frames = inspect.getouterframes(current, context=10)
-		for frame, filename, lineno, function, context, index in list(reversed(frames))[:-2]:
+		for frame, filename, lineno, function, context, index in list(reversed(frames))[:-2]:  # noqa: B007
 			if "/apps/" in filename or SERVER_SCRIPT_FILE_PREFIX in filename:
 				yield {
 					"filename": TRACEBACK_PATH_PATTERN.sub("", filename),
diff --git a/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_log/energy_point_log.py b/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_log/energy_point_log.py
index 8c58026774..a124050305 100644
--- a/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_log/energy_point_log.py
+++ b/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_log/energy_point_log.py
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def get_user_energy_and_review_points(user=None, from_date=None, as_dict=True):
 		values.from_date = from_date
 
 	points_list = frappe.db.sql(
-		"""
+		f"""
 		SELECT
 			SUM(CASE WHEN `type` != 'Review' THEN `points` ELSE 0 END) AS energy_points,
 			SUM(CASE WHEN `type` = 'Review' THEN `points` ELSE 0 END) AS review_points,
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def get_user_energy_and_review_points(user=None, from_date=None, as_dict=True):
 		{conditions}
 		GROUP BY `user`
 		ORDER BY `energy_points` DESC
-	""".format(conditions=conditions, given_points_condition=given_points_condition),
+	""",
 		values=values,
 		as_dict=1,
 	)
diff --git a/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_rule/energy_point_rule.py b/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_rule/energy_point_rule.py
index 712b1f7b0a..6776e28aad 100644
--- a/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_rule/energy_point_rule.py
+++ b/frappe/social/doctype/energy_point_rule/energy_point_rule.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class EnergyPointRule(Document):
 						{"points": points, "user": user, "rule": rule},
 						self.apply_only_once,
 					)
-			except Exception as e:
+			except Exception:
 				self.log_error("Energy points failed")
 
 	def rule_condition_satisfied(self, doc):
diff --git a/frappe/test_runner.py b/frappe/test_runner.py
index 62e5dd599a..4001aa9130 100644
--- a/frappe/test_runner.py
+++ b/frappe/test_runner.py
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ def run_tests_for_doctype(
 	junit_xml_output=False,
 ):
 	modules = []
-	if not isinstance(doctypes, (list, tuple)):
+	if not isinstance(doctypes, list | tuple):
 		doctypes = [doctypes]
 
 	for doctype in doctypes:
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ def _run_unittest(
 
 	test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
 
-	if not isinstance(modules, (list, tuple)):
+	if not isinstance(modules, list | tuple):
 		modules = [modules]
 
 	for module in modules:
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_api.py b/frappe/tests/test_api.py
index 61e76b213d..05eb71f696 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_api.py
@@ -54,7 +54,9 @@ def patch_request_header(key, *args, **kwargs):
 
 
 class ThreadWithReturnValue(Thread):
-	def __init__(self, group=None, target=None, name=None, args=(), kwargs={}, *, site=None):
+	def __init__(self, group=None, target=None, name=None, args=(), kwargs=None, *, site=None):
+		if kwargs is None:
+			kwargs = {}
 		Thread.__init__(self, group, target, name, args, kwargs)
 		self._return = None
 		self.site = site or _site
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_caching.py b/frappe/tests/test_caching.py
index 950a07ef94..ccc44bbcfc 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_caching.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_caching.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ register_with_external_service = MagicMock(return_value=True)
 def request_specific_api(a: list | tuple | dict | int, b: int) -> int:
 	# API that takes very long to return a result
 	todays_value = external_service()
-	if not isinstance(a, (int, float)):
+	if not isinstance(a, int | float):
 		a = 1
 	return a**b * todays_value
 
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ class TestCachingUtils(FrappeTestCase):
 			frappe.get_last_doc("DocType"),
 			frappe._dict(),
 		]
-		same_output_received = lambda: all([x for x in set(retval) if x == retval[0]])
+
+		def same_output_received():
+			return all([x for x in set(retval) if x == retval[0]])
 
 		# ensure that external service was called only once
 		# thereby return value of request_specific_api is cached
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_db.py b/frappe/tests/test_db.py
index 35ba845d5f..1bdf3b5430 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_db.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_db.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # License: MIT. See LICENSE
 
 import datetime
-import inspect
 from math import ceil
 from random import choice
 from unittest.mock import patch
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ from frappe.query_builder import Field
 from frappe.query_builder.functions import Concat_ws
 from frappe.tests.test_query_builder import db_type_is, run_only_if
 from frappe.tests.utils import FrappeTestCase
-from frappe.utils import add_days, cint, now, random_string, set_request
+from frappe.utils import add_days, now, random_string, set_request
 from frappe.utils.testutils import clear_custom_fields
 
 
@@ -437,7 +436,7 @@ class TestDB(FrappeTestCase):
 		frappe.db.MAX_WRITES_PER_TRANSACTION = 1
 		note = frappe.get_last_doc("ToDo")
 		note.description = "changed"
-		with self.assertRaises(frappe.TooManyWritesError) as tmw:
+		with self.assertRaises(frappe.TooManyWritesError):
 			note.save()
 
 		frappe.db.MAX_WRITES_PER_TRANSACTION = Database.MAX_WRITES_PER_TRANSACTION
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_db_query.py b/frappe/tests/test_db_query.py
index 89c29e9892..862e49bef4 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_db_query.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_db_query.py
@@ -57,7 +57,11 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		db_query = DatabaseQuery("DocType")
 		add_custom_field("DocType", "test_tab_field", "Data")
 
-		db_query.fields = ["tabNote.creation", "test_tab_field", "tabDocType.test_tab_field"]
+		db_query.fields = [
+			"tabNote.creation",
+			"test_tab_field",
+			"tabDocType.test_tab_field",
+		]
 		db_query.extract_tables()
 		self.assertIn("`tabNote`", db_query.tables)
 		self.assertIn("`tabDocType`", db_query.tables)
@@ -148,7 +152,10 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		frappe.get_doc(
 			doctype="Parent DocType 1",
 			title="test",
-			child=[{"title": "parent 1 child record 1"}, {"title": "parent 1 child record 2"}],
+			child=[
+				{"title": "parent 1 child record 1"},
+				{"title": "parent 1 child record 2"},
+			],
 			__newname="test_parent",
 		).insert(ignore_if_duplicate=True)
 		frappe.get_doc(
@@ -295,7 +302,8 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 
 		# if both from and to_date values are passed
 		data = DatabaseQuery("Event").execute(
-			filters={"starts_on": ["between", ["2016-07-06", "2016-07-07"]]}, fields=["name"]
+			filters={"starts_on": ["between", ["2016-07-06", "2016-07-07"]]},
+			fields=["name"],
 		)
 
 		self.assertIn({"name": event2.name}, data)
@@ -316,7 +324,8 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 
 		# test between is formatted for creation column
 		data = DatabaseQuery("Event").execute(
-			filters={"creation": ["between", ["2016-07-06", "2016-07-07"]]}, fields=["name"]
+			filters={"creation": ["between", ["2016-07-06", "2016-07-07"]]},
+			fields=["name"],
 		)
 
 	def test_between_filters_date_bounds(self):
@@ -368,7 +377,10 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertRaises(
 			frappe.DataError,
 			DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute,
-			fields=["name", "issingle, IF(issingle=1, (select name from tabUser), count(name))"],
+			fields=[
+				"name",
+				"issingle, IF(issingle=1, (select name from tabUser), count(name))",
+			],
 			limit_start=0,
 			limit_page_length=1,
 		)
@@ -392,7 +404,10 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertRaises(
 			frappe.DataError,
 			DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute,
-			fields=["name", "issingle, IF(issingle=1, (SELECT name from tabUser), count(*))"],
+			fields=[
+				"name",
+				"issingle, IF(issingle=1, (SELECT name from tabUser), count(*))",
+			],
 			limit_start=0,
 			limit_page_length=1,
 		)
@@ -466,14 +481,20 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertTrue("_relevance" in data[0])
 
 		data = DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute(
-			fields=["name", "issingle", "date(creation) as creation"], limit_start=0, limit_page_length=1
+			fields=["name", "issingle", "date(creation) as creation"],
+			limit_start=0,
+			limit_page_length=1,
 		)
 		self.assertTrue("creation" in data[0])
 
 		if frappe.db.db_type != "postgres":
 			# datediff function does not exist in postgres
 			data = DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute(
-				fields=["name", "issingle", "datediff(modified, creation) as date_diff"],
+				fields=[
+					"name",
+					"issingle",
+					"datediff(modified, creation) as date_diff",
+				],
 				limit_start=0,
 				limit_page_length=1,
 			)
@@ -481,14 +502,22 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 
 		with self.assertRaises(frappe.DataError):
 			DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute(
-				fields=["name", "issingle", "if (issingle=1, (select name from tabUser), count(name))"],
+				fields=[
+					"name",
+					"issingle",
+					"if (issingle=1, (select name from tabUser), count(name))",
+				],
 				limit_start=0,
 				limit_page_length=1,
 			)
 
 		with self.assertRaises(frappe.DataError):
 			DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute(
-				fields=["name", "issingle", "if(issingle=1, (select name from tabUser), count(name))"],
+				fields=[
+					"name",
+					"issingle",
+					"if(issingle=1, (select name from tabUser), count(name))",
+				],
 				limit_start=0,
 				limit_page_length=1,
 			)
@@ -578,7 +607,10 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 			DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute,
 			fields=["name"],
 			filters={"editable_grid,": 1},
-			or_filters=[["DocType", "istable", "=", 1], ["DocType", "beta and 1=1", "=", 0]],
+			or_filters=[
+				["DocType", "istable", "=", 1],
+				["DocType", "beta and 1=1", "=", 0],
+			],
 			limit_start=0,
 			limit_page_length=1,
 		)
@@ -600,13 +632,18 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertTrue("Role Permission for Page and Report" in [d["name"] for d in out])
 
 		out = DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute(
-			fields=["name"], filters={"track_changes": 1, "module": "Core"}, order_by="creation"
+			fields=["name"],
+			filters={"track_changes": 1, "module": "Core"},
+			order_by="creation",
 		)
 		self.assertTrue("File" in [d["name"] for d in out])
 
 		out = DatabaseQuery("DocType").execute(
 			fields=["name"],
-			filters=[["DocType", "ifnull(track_changes, 0)", "=", 0], ["DocType", "module", "=", "Core"]],
+			filters=[
+				["DocType", "ifnull(track_changes, 0)", "=", 0],
+				["DocType", "module", "=", "Core"],
+			],
 			order_by="creation",
 		)
 		self.assertTrue("DefaultValue" in [d["name"] for d in out])
@@ -743,7 +780,7 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_set_field_tables(self):
 		# Tests _in_standard_sql_methods method in test_set_field_tables
 		# The following query will break if the above method is broken
-		data = frappe.db.get_list(
+		frappe.db.get_list(
 			"Web Form",
 			filters=[["Web Form Field", "reqd", "=", 1]],
 			fields=["count(*) as count"],
@@ -755,7 +792,7 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		try:
 			frappe.get_list("Prepared Report", ["*"])
 			frappe.get_list("Scheduled Job Type", ["*"])
-		except Exception as e:
+		except Exception:
 			print(frappe.get_traceback())
 			self.fail("get_list not working with virtual field")
 
@@ -805,21 +842,30 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_permlevel_fields(self):
 		with setup_patched_blog_post(), setup_test_user(set_user=True):
 			data = frappe.get_list(
-				"Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "published"], limit=1
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "published"],
+				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertFalse("published" in data[0])
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 1)
 
 			data = frappe.get_list(
-				"Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "`published`"], limit=1
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "`published`"],
+				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertFalse("published" in data[0])
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 1)
 
 			data = frappe.get_list(
-				"Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "`tabBlog Post`.`published`"], limit=1
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "`tabBlog Post`.`published`"],
+				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertFalse("published" in data[0])
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
@@ -836,13 +882,19 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 1)
 
 			data = frappe.get_list(
-				"Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "MAX(`published`)"], limit=1
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "MAX(`published`)"],
+				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 1)
 
 			data = frappe.get_list(
-				"Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "LAST(published)"], limit=1
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "LAST(published)"],
+				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 1)
@@ -858,12 +910,20 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 2)
 
 			data = frappe.get_list(
-				"Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "now() abhi"], limit=1
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "now() abhi"],
+				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertIsInstance(data[0]["abhi"], datetime.datetime)
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 2)
 
-			data = frappe.get_list("Blog Post", filters={"published": 1}, fields=["name", "'LABEL'"], limit=1)
+			data = frappe.get_list(
+				"Blog Post",
+				filters={"published": 1},
+				fields=["name", "'LABEL'"],
+				limit=1,
+			)
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
 			self.assertTrue("LABEL" in data[0].values())
 			self.assertEqual(len(data[0]), 2)
@@ -892,7 +952,11 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 
 			data = frappe.get_list(
 				"Blog Post",
-				fields=["name", "blogger.full_name as blogger_full_name", "blog_category.description"],
+				fields=[
+					"name",
+					"blogger.full_name as blogger_full_name",
+					"blog_category.description",
+				],
 				limit=1,
 			)
 			self.assertTrue("name" in data[0])
@@ -906,7 +970,11 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		dt = new_doctype("autoinc_dt_test", autoname="autoincrement").insert(ignore_permissions=True)
 
 		query = DatabaseQuery("autoinc_dt_test").execute(
-			fields=["locate('1', `tabautoinc_dt_test`.`name`)", "name", "locate('1', name)"],
+			fields=[
+				"locate('1', `tabautoinc_dt_test`.`name`)",
+				"name",
+				"locate('1', name)",
+			],
 			filters={"name": 1},
 			run=False,
 		)
@@ -929,7 +997,9 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		frappe.delete_doc_if_exists("DocType", "table_dt")
 
 		table_dt = new_doctype(
-			"table_dt", istable=1, fields=[{"label": "1field", "fieldname": "2field", "fieldtype": "Data"}]
+			"table_dt",
+			istable=1,
+			fields=[{"label": "1field", "fieldname": "2field", "fieldtype": "Data"}],
 		).insert()
 
 		dt = new_doctype(
@@ -974,7 +1044,9 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		table_dt.delete()
 
 	def test_permission_query_condition(self):
-		from frappe.desk.doctype.dashboard_settings.dashboard_settings import create_dashboard_settings
+		from frappe.desk.doctype.dashboard_settings.dashboard_settings import (
+			create_dashboard_settings,
+		)
 
 		self.doctype = "Dashboard Settings"
 		self.user = "test'5@example.com"
@@ -984,11 +1056,11 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 		create_dashboard_settings(self.user)
 
 		dashboard_settings = frappe.db.sql(
-			"""
+			f"""
 				SELECT name
 				FROM `tabDashboard Settings`
-				WHERE {condition}
-			""".format(condition=permission_query_conditions),
+				WHERE {permission_query_conditions}
+			""",
 			as_dict=1,
 		)[0]
 
@@ -1006,7 +1078,10 @@ class TestDBQuery(FrappeTestCase):
 			def get_list(args):
 				...
 
-		with patch("frappe.controllers", new={frappe.local.site: {"Virtual DocType": VirtualDocType}}):
+		with patch(
+			"frappe.controllers",
+			new={frappe.local.site: {"Virtual DocType": VirtualDocType}},
+		):
 			VirtualDocType.get_list = MagicMock()
 
 			frappe.get_all("Virtual DocType", filters={"name": "test"}, fields=["name"], limit=1)
@@ -1120,7 +1195,11 @@ class TestReportView(FrappeTestCase):
 		)
 		list_filter_response = execute_cmd("frappe.desk.reportview.get_count")
 		frappe.local.form_dict = frappe._dict(
-			{"doctype": "DocType", "filters": {"show_title_field_in_link": 1}, "distinct": "true"}
+			{
+				"doctype": "DocType",
+				"filters": {"show_title_field_in_link": 1},
+				"distinct": "true",
+			}
 		)
 		dict_filter_response = execute_cmd("frappe.desk.reportview.get_count")
 		self.assertIsInstance(list_filter_response, int)
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_oauth20.py b/frappe/tests/test_oauth20.py
index 8bf0ccdde7..83c5625bff 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_oauth20.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_oauth20.py
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class TestOAuth20(FrappeRequestTestCase):
 		frappe.db.commit()
 
 	def test_openid_code_id_token(self):
-		client = update_client_for_auth_code_grant(self.client_id)
+		update_client_for_auth_code_grant(self.client_id)
 		nonce = frappe.generate_hash()
 
 		# Go to Authorize url
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_patches.py b/frappe/tests/test_patches.py
index 3b3b9f1702..b483b6d322 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_patches.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_patches.py
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def check_patch_files(app):
 			missing_patches.append(module)
 
 	if missing_patches:
-		raise Exception(f"Patches missing in patch.txt: \n" + "\n".join(missing_patches))
+		raise Exception("Patches missing in patch.txt: \n" + "\n".join(missing_patches))
 
 
 def _get_dotted_path(file: Path, app) -> str:
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_perf.py b/frappe/tests/test_perf.py
index c0796809c8..91e8c5c890 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_perf.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_perf.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class TestPerformance(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertGreaterEqual(
 			rps,
 			EXPECTED_RPS * (1 - FAILURE_THREASHOLD),
-			f"Possible performance regression in basic /api/Resource list  requests",
+			"Possible performance regression in basic /api/Resource list  requests",
 		)
 
 	def test_homepage_resolver(self):
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_query_report.py b/frappe/tests/test_query_report.py
index 8d47a846bb..5b693a9556 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_query_report.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_query_report.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 import frappe
 import frappe.utils
-from frappe.core.doctype.doctype.test_doctype import new_doctype
 from frappe.desk.query_report import build_xlsx_data, export_query, run
 from frappe.tests.utils import FrappeTestCase
 from frappe.utils.xlsxutils import make_xlsx
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ class TestQueryReport(FrappeTestCase):
 				{"label": "First Name", "fieldname": "first_name", "fieldtype": "Data"},
 				{"label": "Last Name", "fieldname": "last_name", "fieldtype": "Data"},
 			]
-			docA = frappe.get_doc(
+			frappe.get_doc(
 				{
 					"doctype": "DocType",
 					"name": "Doc A",
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ class TestQueryReport(FrappeTestCase):
 				}
 			).insert(ignore_if_duplicate=True)
 
-			docB = frappe.get_doc(
+			frappe.get_doc(
 				{
 					"doctype": "DocType",
 					"name": "Doc B",
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_recorder.py b/frappe/tests/test_recorder.py
index e2ff7e1ab4..57393b0238 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_recorder.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_recorder.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class TestRecorder(FrappeTestCase):
 
 		self.assertEqual(len(request["calls"]), len(queries))
 
-		for query, call in zip(queries, request["calls"]):
+		for query, call in zip(queries, request["calls"], strict=False):
 			self.assertEqual(
 				call["query"],
 				sqlparse.format(
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class TestRecorder(FrappeTestCase):
 		requests = frappe.recorder.get()
 		request = frappe.recorder.get(requests[0]["uuid"])
 
-		for query, call in zip(queries, request["calls"]):
+		for query, call in zip(queries, request["calls"], strict=False):
 			self.assertEqual(call["exact_copies"], query[1])
 
 	def test_error_page_rendering(self):
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_safe_exec.py b/frappe/tests/test_safe_exec.py
index 2f70dc0e5c..e86669f153 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_safe_exec.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_safe_exec.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class TestSafeExec(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_ensure_getattrable_globals(self):
 		def check_safe(objects):
 			for obj in objects:
-				if isinstance(obj, (types.ModuleType, types.CodeType, types.TracebackType, types.FrameType)):
+				if isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType | types.CodeType | types.TracebackType | types.FrameType):
 					self.fail(f"{obj} wont work in safe exec.")
 				elif isinstance(obj, dict):
 					check_safe(obj.values())
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_translate.py b/frappe/tests/test_translate.py
index f83cfb15b0..613a8b5472 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_translate.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_translate.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class TestTranslate(FrappeTestCase):
 			msg=f"Mismatched output:\nExpected: {expected_output}\nFound: {data}",
 		)
 
-		for extracted, expected in zip(data, expected_output):
+		for extracted, expected in zip(data, expected_output, strict=False):
 			ext_filename, ext_message, ext_context, ext_line = extracted
 			exp_message, exp_context, exp_line = expected
 			self.assertEqual(ext_filename, exp_filename)
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class TestTranslate(FrappeTestCase):
 
 		output = extract_messages_from_python_code(code)
 		self.assertEqual(len(expected_output), len(output))
-		for expected, actual in zip(expected_output, output):
+		for expected, actual in zip(expected_output, output, strict=False):
 			with self.subTest():
 				self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class TestTranslate(FrappeTestCase):
 		output = extract_messages_from_javascript_code(code)
 
 		self.assertEqual(len(expected_output), len(output))
-		for expected, actual in zip(expected_output, output):
+		for expected, actual in zip(expected_output, output, strict=False):
 			with self.subTest():
 				self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
 
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_twofactor.py b/frappe/tests/test_twofactor.py
index ca462a9e34..5108df7f75 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_twofactor.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_twofactor.py
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ def toggle_2fa_all_role(state=None):
 	"""Enable or disable 2fa for 'all' role on the system."""
 	all_role = frappe.get_doc("Role", "All")
 	state = state if state is not None else False
-	if type(state) != bool:
+	if not isinstance(state, bool):
 		return
 
 	all_role.two_factor_auth = cint(state)
diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_utils.py b/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
index 482cc80e5a..bb21c8c633 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -46,7 +46,11 @@ from frappe.utils import (
 	validate_phone_number_with_country_code,
 	validate_url,
 )
-from frappe.utils.change_log import check_release_on_github, get_remote_url, parse_github_url
+from frappe.utils.change_log import (
+	check_release_on_github,
+	get_remote_url,
+	parse_github_url,
+)
 from frappe.utils.data import (
 	add_to_date,
 	add_years,
@@ -98,7 +102,8 @@ class TestFilters(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_multiple_dict(self):
 		self.assertTrue(
 			evaluate_filters(
-				{"doctype": "User", "status": "Open", "name": "Test 1"}, {"status": "Open", "name": "Test 1"}
+				{"doctype": "User", "status": "Open", "name": "Test 1"},
+				{"status": "Open", "name": "Test 1"},
 			)
 		)
 		self.assertFalse(
@@ -139,12 +144,14 @@ class TestFilters(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_lt_gt(self):
 		self.assertTrue(
 			evaluate_filters(
-				{"doctype": "User", "status": "Open", "age": 20}, {"status": "Open", "age": (">", 10)}
+				{"doctype": "User", "status": "Open", "age": 20},
+				{"status": "Open", "age": (">", 10)},
 			)
 		)
 		self.assertFalse(
 			evaluate_filters(
-				{"doctype": "User", "status": "Open", "age": 20}, {"status": "Open", "age": (">", 30)}
+				{"doctype": "User", "status": "Open", "age": 20},
+				{"status": "Open", "age": (">", 30)},
 			)
 		)
 
@@ -152,12 +159,14 @@ class TestFilters(FrappeTestCase):
 		# date fields
 		self.assertTrue(
 			evaluate_filters(
-				{"doctype": "User", "birth_date": "2023-02-28"}, [("User", "birth_date", ">", "01-04-2022")]
+				{"doctype": "User", "birth_date": "2023-02-28"},
+				[("User", "birth_date", ">", "01-04-2022")],
 			)
 		)
 		self.assertFalse(
 			evaluate_filters(
-				{"doctype": "User", "birth_date": "2023-02-28"}, [("User", "birth_date", "<", "28-02-2023")]
+				{"doctype": "User", "birth_date": "2023-02-28"},
+				[("User", "birth_date", "<", "28-02-2023")],
 			)
 		)
 
@@ -176,7 +185,12 @@ class TestFilters(FrappeTestCase):
 		)
 
 	def test_like_not_like(self):
-		doc = {"doctype": "User", "username": "test_abc", "prefix": "startswith", "suffix": "endswith"}
+		doc = {
+			"doctype": "User",
+			"username": "test_abc",
+			"prefix": "startswith",
+			"suffix": "endswith",
+		}
 
 		test_cases = [
 			([["username", "like", "test"]], True),
@@ -371,7 +385,11 @@ class TestValidationUtils(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertTrue(validate_url("ftp://frappe.cloud", valid_schemes=["https", "ftp"]))
 		self.assertFalse(validate_url("bolo://frappe.io", valid_schemes=("http", "https", "ftp", "ftps")))
 		self.assertRaises(
-			frappe.ValidationError, validate_url, "gopher://frappe.io", valid_schemes="https", throw=True
+			frappe.ValidationError,
+			validate_url,
+			"gopher://frappe.io",
+			valid_schemes="https",
+			throw=True,
 		)
 
 	def test_valid_email(self):
@@ -391,7 +409,12 @@ class TestValidationUtils(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertFalse(validate_email_address("test@example.com test2@example.com,undisclosed-recipient"))
 
 		# Invalid with throw
-		self.assertRaises(frappe.InvalidEmailAddressError, validate_email_address, "someone.com", throw=True)
+		self.assertRaises(
+			frappe.InvalidEmailAddressError,
+			validate_email_address,
+			"someone.com",
+			throw=True,
+		)
 
 		self.assertEqual(validate_email_address("Some%20One@frappe.com"), "Some%20One@frappe.com")
 		self.assertEqual(
@@ -425,7 +448,8 @@ class TestImage(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_strip_exif_data(self):
 		original_image = Image.open(frappe.get_app_path("frappe", "tests", "data", "exif_sample_image.jpg"))
 		original_image_content = open(
-			frappe.get_app_path("frappe", "tests", "data", "exif_sample_image.jpg"), mode="rb"
+			frappe.get_app_path("frappe", "tests", "data", "exif_sample_image.jpg"),
+			mode="rb",
 		).read()
 
 		new_image_content = strip_exif_data(original_image_content, "image/jpeg")
@@ -522,19 +546,33 @@ class TestDateUtils(FrappeTestCase):
 		# Monday as start of the week
 		with patch.object(frappe.utils.data, "get_first_day_of_the_week", return_value="Monday"):
 			self.assertEqual(
-				frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-25"), frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-21")
+				frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-25"),
+				frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-21"),
 			)
 			self.assertEqual(
-				frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-20"), frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-14")
+				frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-20"),
+				frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-14"),
 			)
 
 		# Sunday as start of the week
-		self.assertEqual(frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-25"), frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-20"))
-		self.assertEqual(frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-21"), frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-20"))
+		self.assertEqual(
+			frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-25"),
+			frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-20"),
+		)
+		self.assertEqual(
+			frappe.utils.get_first_day_of_week("2020-12-21"),
+			frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-20"),
+		)
 
 	def test_last_day_of_week(self):
-		self.assertEqual(frappe.utils.get_last_day_of_week("2020-12-24"), frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-26"))
-		self.assertEqual(frappe.utils.get_last_day_of_week("2020-12-28"), frappe.utils.getdate("2021-01-02"))
+		self.assertEqual(
+			frappe.utils.get_last_day_of_week("2020-12-24"),
+			frappe.utils.getdate("2020-12-26"),
+		)
+		self.assertEqual(
+			frappe.utils.get_last_day_of_week("2020-12-28"),
+			frappe.utils.getdate("2021-01-02"),
+		)
 
 	def test_is_last_day_of_the_month(self):
 		self.assertEqual(frappe.utils.is_last_day_of_the_month("2020-12-24"), False)
@@ -674,7 +712,14 @@ class TestResponse(FrappeTestCase):
 			"time_types": [
 				date(year=2020, month=12, day=2),
 				datetime(
-					year=2020, month=12, day=2, hour=23, minute=23, second=23, microsecond=23, tzinfo=pytz.utc
+					year=2020,
+					month=12,
+					day=2,
+					hour=23,
+					minute=23,
+					second=23,
+					microsecond=23,
+					tzinfo=pytz.utc,
 				),
 				time(hour=23, minute=23, second=23, microsecond=23, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
 				timedelta(days=10, hours=12, minutes=120, seconds=10),
@@ -699,7 +744,7 @@ class TestResponse(FrappeTestCase):
 
 		self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(x, str) for x in processed_object["time_types"]]))
 		self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(x, float) for x in processed_object["float"]]))
-		self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(x, (list, str)) for x in processed_object["iter"]]))
+		self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(x, list | str) for x in processed_object["iter"]]))
 		self.assertIsInstance(processed_object["string"], str)
 		with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
 			json.dumps(BAD_OBJECT, default=json_handler)
@@ -711,13 +756,17 @@ class TestTimeDeltaUtils(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertEqual(format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=10)), "10:00:00")
 		self.assertEqual(format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=100)), "100:00:00")
 		self.assertEqual(format_timedelta(timedelta(seconds=100, microseconds=129)), "0:01:40.000129")
-		self.assertEqual(format_timedelta(timedelta(seconds=100, microseconds=12212199129)), "3:25:12.199129")
+		self.assertEqual(
+			format_timedelta(timedelta(seconds=100, microseconds=12212199129)),
+			"3:25:12.199129",
+		)
 
 	def test_parse_timedelta(self):
 		self.assertEqual(parse_timedelta("0:0:0"), timedelta(seconds=0))
 		self.assertEqual(parse_timedelta("10:0:0"), timedelta(hours=10))
 		self.assertEqual(
-			parse_timedelta("7 days, 0:32:18.192221"), timedelta(days=7, seconds=1938, microseconds=192221)
+			parse_timedelta("7 days, 0:32:18.192221"),
+			timedelta(days=7, seconds=1938, microseconds=192221),
 		)
 		self.assertEqual(parse_timedelta("7 days, 0:32:18"), timedelta(days=7, seconds=1938))
 
@@ -982,7 +1031,7 @@ class TestMiscUtils(FrappeTestCase):
 
 
 class TestTypingValidations(FrappeTestCase):
-	ERR_REGEX = f"^Argument '.*' should be of type '.*' but got '.*' instead.$"
+	ERR_REGEX = "^Argument '.*' should be of type '.*' but got '.*' instead.$"
 
 	def test_validate_whitelisted_api(self):
 		from inspect import signature
@@ -1009,9 +1058,9 @@ class TestTypingValidations(FrappeTestCase):
 class TestTBSanitization(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_traceback_sanitzation(self):
 		try:
-			password = "42"
-			args = {"password": "42", "pwd": "42", "safe": "safe_value"}
-			args = frappe._dict({"password": "42", "pwd": "42", "safe": "safe_value"})
+			password = "42"  # noqa: F841
+			args = {"password": "42", "pwd": "42", "safe": "safe_value"}  # noqa: F841
+			args = frappe._dict({"password": "42", "pwd": "42", "safe": "safe_value"})  # noqa: F841
 			raise Exception
 		except Exception:
 			traceback = frappe.get_traceback(with_context=True)
@@ -1100,7 +1149,10 @@ class TestRounding(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertEqual(flt(3.35, 1, rounding_method=rounding_method), 3.4)
 
 	@change_settings("System Settings", {"rounding_method": "Commercial Rounding"})
-	@given(st.decimals(min_value=-1e8, max_value=1e8), st.integers(min_value=-2, max_value=4))
+	@given(
+		st.decimals(min_value=-1e8, max_value=1e8),
+		st.integers(min_value=-2, max_value=4),
+	)
 	def test_normal_rounding_property(self, number, precision):
 		with localcontext() as ctx:
 			ctx.rounding = ROUND_HALF_UP
@@ -1165,7 +1217,10 @@ class TestRounding(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertEqual(flt(-3.35, 1, rounding_method=rounding_method), -3.4)
 
 	@change_settings("System Settings", {"rounding_method": "Banker's Rounding"})
-	@given(st.decimals(min_value=-1e8, max_value=1e8), st.integers(min_value=-2, max_value=4))
+	@given(
+		st.decimals(min_value=-1e8, max_value=1e8),
+		st.integers(min_value=-2, max_value=4),
+	)
 	def test_bankers_rounding_property(self, number, precision):
 		self.assertEqual(Decimal(str(flt(float(number), precision))), round(number, precision))
 
@@ -1173,10 +1228,13 @@ class TestRounding(FrappeTestCase):
 		self.assertEqual(frappe.get_system_settings("rounding_method"), "Banker's Rounding")
 
 
-class TestTypingValidations(FrappeTestCase):
+class TestArgumentTypingValidations(FrappeTestCase):
 	def test_validate_argument_types(self):
 		from frappe.core.doctype.doctype.doctype import DocType
-		from frappe.utils.typing_validations import FrappeTypeError, validate_argument_types
+		from frappe.utils.typing_validations import (
+			FrappeTypeError,
+			validate_argument_types,
+		)
 
 		@validate_argument_types
 		def test_simple_types(a: int, b: float, c: bool):
diff --git a/frappe/tests/utils.py b/frappe/tests/utils.py
index 9b667b016d..a1f0c29941 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/utils.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/utils.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class FrappeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 			if isinstance(value, list):
 				actual_child_docs = actual.get(field)
 				self.assertEqual(len(value), len(actual_child_docs), msg=f"{field} length should be same")
-				for exp_child, actual_child in zip(value, actual_child_docs):
+				for exp_child, actual_child in zip(value, actual_child_docs, strict=False):
 					self.assertDocumentEqual(exp_child, actual_child)
 			else:
 				self._compare_field(value, actual.get(field), actual, field)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class FrappeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 			self.assertAlmostEqual(
 				expected, actual, places=precision, msg=f"{field} should be same to {precision} digits"
 			)
-		elif isinstance(expected, (bool, int)):
+		elif isinstance(expected, bool | int):
 			self.assertEqual(expected, cint(actual), msg=msg)
 		elif isinstance(expected, datetime_like_types):
 			self.assertEqual(str(expected), str(actual), msg=msg)
diff --git a/frappe/translate.py b/frappe/translate.py
index e5527883f7..8a476eb9b0 100644
--- a/frappe/translate.py
+++ b/frappe/translate.py
@@ -204,9 +204,7 @@ def get_translation_dict_from_file(path, lang, app, throw=False) -> dict[str, st
 			elif len(item) in [2, 3]:
 				translation_map[item[0]] = strip(item[1])
 			elif item:
-				msg = "Bad translation in '{app}' for language '{lang}': {values}".format(
-					app=app, lang=lang, values=cstr(item)
-				)
+				msg = f"Bad translation in '{app}' for language '{lang}': {cstr(item)}"
 				frappe.log_error(message=msg, title="Error in translation file")
 				if throw:
 					frappe.throw(msg, title="Error in translation file")
@@ -545,7 +543,7 @@ def get_all_messages_from_js_files(app_name=None):
 	messages = []
 	for app in [app_name] if app_name else frappe.get_installed_apps(_ensure_on_bench=True):
 		if os.path.exists(frappe.get_app_path(app, "public")):
-			for basepath, folders, files in os.walk(frappe.get_app_path(app, "public")):
+			for basepath, folders, files in os.walk(frappe.get_app_path(app, "public")):  # noqa: B007
 				if "frappe/public/js/lib" in basepath:
 					continue
 
@@ -761,6 +759,7 @@ def update_translations(lang, untranslated_file, translated_file, app="_ALL_APPS
 	for key, value in zip(
 		frappe.get_file_items(untranslated_file, ignore_empty_lines=False),
 		frappe.get_file_items(translated_file, ignore_empty_lines=False),
+		strict=False,
 	):
 		# undo hack in get_untranslated
 		translation_dict[restore_newlines(key)] = restore_newlines(value)
diff --git a/frappe/twofactor.py b/frappe/twofactor.py
index ad422c0224..c9263aa336 100644
--- a/frappe/twofactor.py
+++ b/frappe/twofactor.py
@@ -219,7 +219,6 @@ def process_2fa_for_sms(user, token, otp_secret):
 
 def process_2fa_for_otp_app(user, otp_secret, otp_issuer):
 	"""Process OTP App method for 2fa."""
-	totp_uri = pyotp.TOTP(otp_secret).provisioning_uri(user, issuer_name=otp_issuer)
 	if get_default(user + "_otplogin"):
 		otp_setup_completed = True
 	else:
diff --git a/frappe/utils/__init__.py b/frappe/utils/__init__.py
index c7cd1daf30..a750f3ca78 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/__init__.py
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def validate_url(
 	# Handle scheme validation
 	if isinstance(valid_schemes, str):
 		is_valid = is_valid and (url.scheme == valid_schemes)
-	elif isinstance(valid_schemes, (list, tuple, set)):
+	elif isinstance(valid_schemes, list | tuple | set):
 		is_valid = is_valid and (url.scheme in valid_schemes)
 
 	if not is_valid and throw:
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ def set_default(key, val):
 def remove_blanks(d: dict) -> dict:
 	"""Return d with empty ('' or None) values stripped. Mutates inplace."""
 	for k, v in tuple(d.items()):
-		if v == "" or v == None:
+		if not v:
 			del d[k]
 	return d
 
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ def is_markdown(text):
 
 def is_a_property(x) -> bool:
 	"""Get properties (@property, @cached_property) in a controller class"""
-	return isinstance(x, (property, functools.cached_property))
+	return isinstance(x, property | functools.cached_property)
 
 
 def get_sites(sites_path=None):
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ def get_safe_filters(filters):
 	try:
 		filters = json.loads(filters)
 
-		if isinstance(filters, (int, float)):
+		if isinstance(filters, int | float):
 			filters = frappe.as_unicode(filters)
 
 	except (TypeError, ValueError):
diff --git a/frappe/utils/background_jobs.py b/frappe/utils/background_jobs.py
index 8e4313d10a..ce819195ec 100755
--- a/frappe/utils/background_jobs.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/background_jobs.py
@@ -350,9 +350,7 @@ def get_worker_name(queue):
 
 	if queue:
 		# hostname.pid is the default worker name
-		name = "{uuid}.{hostname}.{pid}.{queue}".format(
-			uuid=uuid4().hex, hostname=socket.gethostname(), pid=os.getpid(), queue=queue
-		)
+		name = f"{uuid4().hex}.{socket.gethostname()}.{os.getpid()}.{queue}"
 
 	return name
 
diff --git a/frappe/utils/backups.py b/frappe/utils/backups.py
index 4f8ce825f4..b9fa0d1022 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/backups.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/backups.py
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class BackupGenerator:
 		db_backup_url = get_url(os.path.join("backups", os.path.basename(self.backup_path_db)))
 		files_backup_url = get_url(os.path.join("backups", os.path.basename(self.backup_path_files)))
 
-		msg = """Hello,
+		msg = f"""Hello,
 
 Your backups are ready to be downloaded.
 
@@ -470,10 +470,7 @@ Your backups are ready to be downloaded.
 2. [Click here to download the files backup]({files_backup_url})
 
 This link will be valid for 24 hours. A new backup will be available for
-download only after 24 hours.""".format(
-			db_backup_url=db_backup_url,
-			files_backup_url=files_backup_url,
-		)
+download only after 24 hours."""
 
 		datetime_str = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.stat(self.backup_path_db).st_ctime)
 		subject = datetime_str.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S") + """ - Backup ready to be downloaded"""
diff --git a/frappe/utils/boilerplate.py b/frappe/utils/boilerplate.py
index 812f84c3b2..d875a6afad 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/boilerplate.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/boilerplate.py
@@ -145,9 +145,7 @@ def _create_app_boilerplate(dest, hooks, no_git=False):
 	with open(os.path.join(dest, hooks.app_name, "README.md"), "w") as f:
 		f.write(
 			frappe.as_unicode(
-				"## {}\n\n{}\n\n#### License\n\n{}".format(
-					hooks.app_title, hooks.app_description, hooks.app_license
-				)
+				f"## {hooks.app_title}\n\n{hooks.app_description}\n\n#### License\n\n{hooks.app_license}"
 			)
 		)
 	license_body = get_license_text(license_name=hooks.app_license)
diff --git a/frappe/utils/change_log.py b/frappe/utils/change_log.py
index a15d6afd95..4b4794c07a 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/change_log.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/change_log.py
@@ -118,9 +118,7 @@ def get_versions():
 		if versions[app]["branch"] != "master":
 			branch_version = app_hooks.get("{}_version".format(versions[app]["branch"]))
 			if branch_version:
-				versions[app]["branch_version"] = branch_version[0] + " ({})".format(
-					get_app_last_commit_ref(app)
-				)
+				versions[app]["branch_version"] = branch_version[0] + f" ({get_app_last_commit_ref(app)})"
 
 		try:
 			versions[app]["version"] = frappe.get_attr(app + ".__version__")
diff --git a/frappe/utils/csvutils.py b/frappe/utils/csvutils.py
index fd39fdd482..74868ccecc 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/csvutils.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/csvutils.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ def import_doc(d, doctype, overwrite, row_idx, submit=False, ignore_links=False)
 
 
 def getlink(doctype, name):
-	return '<a href="/app/Form/%(doctype)s/%(name)s">%(name)s</a>' % locals()
+	return '<a href="/app/Form/{doctype}/{name}">{name}</a>'.format(**locals())
 
 
 def get_csv_content_from_google_sheets(url):
diff --git a/frappe/utils/dashboard.py b/frappe/utils/dashboard.py
index d3fa6ac6fa..98c0b0c450 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/dashboard.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/dashboard.py
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ def generate_and_cache_results(args, function, cache_key, chart):
 
 
 def get_dashboards_with_link(docname, doctype):
-	dashboards = []
 	links = []
 
 	if doctype == "Dashboard Chart":
@@ -111,4 +110,4 @@ def make_records(path, filters=None):
 			if os.path.isdir(join(path, fname)):
 				if fname == "__pycache__":
 					continue
-				import_file_by_path("{path}/{fname}/{fname}.json".format(path=path, fname=fname))
+				import_file_by_path(f"{path}/{fname}/{fname}.json")
diff --git a/frappe/utils/data.py b/frappe/utils/data.py
index a7eebe9342..3694c716d9 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/data.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/data.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import time
 import typing
 from code import compile_command
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, TypeVar
 from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, quote, urlencode, urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse
 
 import pytz
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 import frappe
 from frappe.desk.utils import slug
 
-DateTimeLikeObject = Union[str, datetime.date, datetime.datetime]
-NumericType = Union[int, float]
+DateTimeLikeObject = str | datetime.date | datetime.datetime
+NumericType = int | float
 TimespanOptions = Literal[
 	"last week",
 	"last month",
@@ -142,10 +142,10 @@ def get_datetime(
 	if datetime_str is None:
 		return now_datetime()
 
-	if isinstance(datetime_str, (datetime.datetime, datetime.timedelta)):
+	if isinstance(datetime_str, datetime.datetime | datetime.timedelta):
 		return datetime_str
 
-	elif isinstance(datetime_str, (list, tuple)):
+	elif isinstance(datetime_str, list | tuple):
 		return datetime.datetime(datetime_str)
 
 	elif isinstance(datetime_str, datetime.date):
@@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ def encode(obj, encoding="utf-8"):
 
 def parse_val(v):
 	"""Convert to simple datatypes from SQL query results."""
-	if isinstance(v, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime)):
+	if isinstance(v, datetime.date | datetime.datetime):
 		v = str(v)
 	elif isinstance(v, datetime.timedelta):
 		v = ":".join(str(v).split(":")[:2])
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@ def comma_sep(some_list: list | tuple, pattern: str, add_quotes=True) -> str:
 
 	e.g. if `some_list` is ['a', 'b', 'c'] and `pattern` is '{0} or {1}', the output will be 'a, b or c'
 	"""
-	if isinstance(some_list, (list, tuple)):
+	if isinstance(some_list, list | tuple):
 		# list(some_list) is done to preserve the existing list
 		some_list = [str(s) for s in list(some_list)]
 		if not some_list:
@@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ def new_line_sep(some_list: list | tuple) -> str:
 
 	e.g. ['', 'Paid', 'Unpaid'] -> '\n Paid\n Unpaid'
 	"""
-	if isinstance(some_list, (list, tuple)):
+	if isinstance(some_list, list | tuple):
 		# list(some_list) is done to preserve the existing list
 		some_list = [str(s) for s in list(some_list)]
 		if not some_list:
@@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@ def evaluate_filters(doc, filters: dict | list | tuple):
 			if not compare(doc.get(f.fieldname), f.operator, f.value, f.fieldtype):
 				return False
 
-	elif isinstance(filters, (list, tuple)):
+	elif isinstance(filters, list | tuple):
 		for d in filters:
 			f = get_filter(None, d)
 			if not compare(doc.get(f.fieldname), f.operator, f.value, f.fieldtype):
@@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@ def get_filter(doctype: str, f: dict | list | tuple, filters_config=None) -> "fr
 		key, value = next(iter(f.items()))
 		f = make_filter_tuple(doctype, key, value)
 
-	if not isinstance(f, (list, tuple)):
+	if not isinstance(f, list | tuple):
 		frappe.throw(frappe._("Filter must be a tuple or list (in a list)"))
 
 	if len(f) == 3:
@@ -2051,7 +2051,7 @@ def get_filter(doctype: str, f: dict | list | tuple, filters_config=None) -> "fr
 
 def make_filter_tuple(doctype, key, value):
 	"""return a filter tuple like [doctype, key, operator, value]"""
-	if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+	if isinstance(value, list | tuple):
 		return [doctype, key, value[0], value[1]]
 	else:
 		return [doctype, key, "=", value]
diff --git a/frappe/utils/dateutils.py b/frappe/utils/dateutils.py
index 73880d2907..0792113dcd 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/dateutils.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/dateutils.py
@@ -66,9 +66,8 @@ def parse_date(date):
 
 	if not parsed_date:
 		raise Exception(
-			"""Cannot understand date - '%s'.
-			Try formatting it like your default format - '%s'"""
-			% (date, get_user_date_format())
+			f"""Cannot understand date - '{date}'.
+			Try formatting it like your default format - '{get_user_date_format()}'"""
 		)
 
 	return parsed_date
diff --git a/frappe/utils/global_search.py b/frappe/utils/global_search.py
index cef7ab2188..cf80557a56 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/global_search.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/global_search.py
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ def search(text, start=0, limit=20, doctype=""):
 
 	# sort results based on allowed_doctype's priority
 	for doctype in allowed_doctypes:
-		for index, r in enumerate(results):
+		for r in results:
 			if r.doctype == doctype and r.rank > 0.0:
 				try:
 					meta = frappe.get_meta(r.doctype)
diff --git a/frappe/utils/image.py b/frappe/utils/image.py
index 1d16ee690a..ecffe21fed 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/image.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/image.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import frappe
 
 def resize_images(path, maxdim=700):
 	size = (maxdim, maxdim)
-	for basepath, folders, files in os.walk(path):
+	for basepath, folders, files in os.walk(path):  # noqa: B007
 		for fname in files:
 			extn = fname.rsplit(".", 1)[1]
 			if extn in ("jpg", "jpeg", "png", "gif"):
diff --git a/frappe/utils/jinja_globals.py b/frappe/utils/jinja_globals.py
index e1efb6d1dd..848f41c527 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/jinja_globals.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/jinja_globals.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def resolve_class(*classes):
 	if classes is False:
 		return ""
 
-	if isinstance(classes, (list, tuple)):
+	if isinstance(classes, list | tuple):
 		return " ".join(resolve_class(c) for c in classes).strip()
 
 	if isinstance(classes, dict):
diff --git a/frappe/utils/make_random.py b/frappe/utils/make_random.py
index 381f2266a3..4167eedf51 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/make_random.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/make_random.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def add_random_children(doc: "Document", fieldname: str, rows, randomize: dict,
 	if rows > 1:
 		nrows = random.randrange(1, rows)
 
-	for i in range(nrows):
+	for _ in range(nrows):
 		d = {}
 		for key, val in randomize.items():
 			if isinstance(val[0], str):
@@ -41,12 +41,10 @@ def get_random(doctype: str, filters: dict = None, doc: bool = False):
 
 	out = frappe.db.multisql(
 		{
-			"mariadb": """select name from `tab%s` %s
-		order by RAND() limit 1 offset 0"""
-			% (doctype, condition),
-			"postgres": """select name from `tab%s` %s
-		order by RANDOM() limit 1 offset 0"""
-			% (doctype, condition),
+			"mariadb": f"""select name from `tab{doctype}` {condition}
+		order by RAND() limit 1 offset 0""",
+			"postgres": f"""select name from `tab{doctype}` {condition}
+		order by RANDOM() limit 1 offset 0""",
 		}
 	)
 
diff --git a/frappe/utils/print_format.py b/frappe/utils/print_format.py
index bfa2577871..29c76d7615 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/print_format.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/print_format.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def download_multi_pdf(doctype, name, format=None, no_letterhead=False, letterhe
 		result = json.loads(name)
 
 		# Concatenating pdf files
-		for i, ss in enumerate(result):
+		for ss in result:
 			pdf_writer = frappe.get_print(
 				doctype,
 				ss,
diff --git a/frappe/utils/redis_wrapper.py b/frappe/utils/redis_wrapper.py
index bd82db4738..8128341edb 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/redis_wrapper.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/redis_wrapper.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class RedisWrapper(redis.Redis):
 		if not keys:
 			return
 
-		if not isinstance(keys, (list, tuple)):
+		if not isinstance(keys, list | tuple):
 			keys = (keys,)
 
 		if make_keys:
diff --git a/frappe/utils/response.py b/frappe/utils/response.py
index 8aa63ba990..87ca56951b 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/response.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/response.py
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def json_handler(obj):
 	from collections.abc import Iterable
 	from re import Match
 
-	if isinstance(obj, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime, datetime.time)):
+	if isinstance(obj, datetime.date | datetime.datetime | datetime.time):
 		return str(obj)
 
 	elif isinstance(obj, datetime.timedelta):
diff --git a/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py b/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py
index e68259d893..a6494cf853 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ def _validate_attribute_read(object, name):
 	if isinstance(name, str) and (name in UNSAFE_ATTRIBUTES):
 		raise SyntaxError(f"{name} is an unsafe attribute")
 
-	if isinstance(object, (types.ModuleType, types.CodeType, types.TracebackType, types.FrameType)):
+	if isinstance(object, types.ModuleType | types.CodeType | types.TracebackType | types.FrameType):
 		raise SyntaxError(f"Reading {object} attributes is not allowed")
 
 	if name.startswith("_"):
@@ -509,16 +509,14 @@ def _write(obj):
 	# guard function for RestrictedPython
 	if isinstance(
 		obj,
-		(
-			types.ModuleType,
-			types.CodeType,
-			types.TracebackType,
-			types.FrameType,
-			type,
-			types.FunctionType,  # covers lambda
-			types.MethodType,
-			types.BuiltinFunctionType,  # covers methods
-		),
+		types.ModuleType
+		| types.CodeType
+		| types.TracebackType
+		| types.FrameType
+		| type
+		| types.FunctionType
+		| types.MethodType
+		| types.BuiltinFunctionType,
 	):
 		raise SyntaxError(f"Not allowed to write to object {obj} of type {type(obj)}")
 	return obj
diff --git a/frappe/utils/typing_validations.py b/frappe/utils/typing_validations.py
index ce521e996c..6786a7aff9 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/typing_validations.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/typing_validations.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import lru_cache, wraps
 from inspect import _empty, isclass, signature
-from types import EllipsisType, NoneType
+from types import EllipsisType
 from typing import ForwardRef, TypeVar, Union
 
 from pydantic import ConfigDict
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ def transform_parameter_types(func: Callable, args: tuple, kwargs: dict):
 
 	elif kwargs:
 		arg_values = args or func.__defaults__ or []
-		prepared_args = dict(zip(arg_names, arg_values))
+		prepared_args = dict(zip(arg_names, arg_values, strict=False))
 		prepared_args.update(kwargs)
 
 	else:
-		prepared_args = dict(zip(arg_names, args))
+		prepared_args = dict(zip(arg_names, args, strict=False))
 
 	# check if type hints dont match the default values
 	func_signature = signature(func)
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ def transform_parameter_types(func: Callable, args: tuple, kwargs: dict):
 		current_arg_value = prepared_args[current_arg]
 
 		# if the type is a ForwardRef or str, ignore it
-		if isinstance(current_arg_type, (ForwardRef, str)):
+		if isinstance(current_arg_type, ForwardRef | str):
 			continue
-		elif any(isinstance(x, (ForwardRef, str)) for x in getattr(current_arg_type, "__args__", [])):
+		elif any(isinstance(x, ForwardRef | str) for x in getattr(current_arg_type, "__args__", [])):
 			continue
 
 		# allow slack for Frappe types
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ def transform_parameter_types(func: Callable, args: tuple, kwargs: dict):
 			if isinstance(current_arg_type, tuple):
 				if type(param_def.default) not in current_arg_type:
 					current_arg_type += (type(param_def.default),)
-				current_arg_type = Union[current_arg_type]
+				current_arg_type = Union[current_arg_type]  # noqa: UP007
 
 			elif param_def.default != current_arg_type:
-				current_arg_type = Union[current_arg_type, type(param_def.default)]
+				current_arg_type = Union[current_arg_type, type(param_def.default)]  # noqa: UP007
 		elif isinstance(current_arg_type, tuple):
-			current_arg_type = Union[current_arg_type]
+			current_arg_type = Union[current_arg_type]  # noqa: UP007
 
 		# validate the type set using pydantic - raise a TypeError if Validation is raised or Ellipsis is returned
 		try:
diff --git a/frappe/website/doctype/blog_post/test_blog_post.py b/frappe/website/doctype/blog_post/test_blog_post.py
index b11f2f3497..1a8cf3e87d 100644
--- a/frappe/website/doctype/blog_post/test_blog_post.py
+++ b/frappe/website/doctype/blog_post/test_blog_post.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TestBlogPost(FrappeTestCase):
 		# Create some Blog Posts for a Blog Category
 		category_title, blogs, BLOG_COUNT = "List Category", [], 4
 
-		for index in range(BLOG_COUNT):
+		for _ in range(BLOG_COUNT):
 			blog = make_test_blog(category_title)
 			blogs.append(blog)
 
diff --git a/frappe/website/doctype/website_settings/website_settings.py b/frappe/website/doctype/website_settings/website_settings.py
index 70c5b04295..567c56f1d6 100644
--- a/frappe/website/doctype/website_settings/website_settings.py
+++ b/frappe/website/doctype/website_settings/website_settings.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ def get_website_settings(context=None):
 	for key in via_hooks:
 		context[key] = via_hooks[key]
 		if key not in ("top_bar_items", "footer_items", "post_login") and isinstance(
-			context[key], (list, tuple)
+			context[key], list | tuple
 		):
 			context[key] = context[key][-1]
 
diff --git a/frappe/website/page_renderers/template_page.py b/frappe/website/page_renderers/template_page.py
index 84a9d26081..d3b2b07506 100644
--- a/frappe/website/page_renderers/template_page.py
+++ b/frappe/website/page_renderers/template_page.py
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ class TemplatePage(BaseTemplatePage):
 			and "{% extends" not in self.source
 			and "</body>" not in self.source
 		):
-			self.source = """{{% extends "{0}" %}}
-				{{% block page_content %}}{1}{{% endblock %}}""".format(context.base_template, self.source)
+			self.source = f"""{{% extends "{context.base_template}" %}}
+				{{% block page_content %}}{self.source}{{% endblock %}}"""
 
 		self.set_properties_via_comments()
 
diff --git a/frappe/website/report/website_analytics/website_analytics.py b/frappe/website/report/website_analytics/website_analytics.py
index a395e5e582..916852f836 100644
--- a/frappe/website/report/website_analytics/website_analytics.py
+++ b/frappe/website/report/website_analytics/website_analytics.py
@@ -80,16 +80,16 @@ class WebsiteAnalytics:
 		elif filters_range == "Monthly":
 			date_format = "%Y-%m-01"
 
-		query = """
+		query = f"""
 				SELECT
-					DATE_FORMAT({0}, %s) as date,
+					DATE_FORMAT({field}, %s) as date,
 					COUNT(*) as count,
 					COUNT(CASE WHEN is_unique = 1 THEN 1 END) as unique_count
 				FROM `tabWeb Page View`
 				WHERE creation BETWEEN %s AND %s
-				GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT({0}, %s)
+				GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT({field}, %s)
 				ORDER BY creation
-			""".format(field)
+			"""
 
 		values = (date_format, self.filters.from_date, self.filters.to_date, date_format)
 
@@ -106,16 +106,16 @@ class WebsiteAnalytics:
 		elif filters_range == "Monthly":
 			granularity = "day"
 
-		query = """
+		query = f"""
 				SELECT
-					DATE_TRUNC(%s, {0}) as date,
+					DATE_TRUNC(%s, {field}) as date,
 					COUNT(*) as count,
 					COUNT(CASE WHEN CAST(is_unique as Integer) = 1 THEN 1 END) as unique_count
 				FROM "tabWeb Page View"
-				WHERE  coalesce("tabWeb Page View".{0}, '0001-01-01') BETWEEN %s AND %s
-				GROUP BY date_trunc(%s, {0})
+				WHERE  coalesce("tabWeb Page View".{field}, '0001-01-01') BETWEEN %s AND %s
+				GROUP BY date_trunc(%s, {field})
 				ORDER BY date
-			""".format(field)
+			"""
 
 		values = (granularity, self.filters.from_date, self.filters.to_date, granularity)
 
diff --git a/frappe/website/router.py b/frappe/website/router.py
index 332be38cda..41c8706331 100644
--- a/frappe/website/router.py
+++ b/frappe/website/router.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def get_pages_from_path(start, app, app_path):
 	pages = {}
 	start_path = os.path.join(app_path, start)
 	if os.path.exists(start_path):
-		for basepath, folders, files in os.walk(start_path):
+		for basepath, folders, files in os.walk(start_path):  # noqa: B007
 			# add missing __init__.py
 			if "__init__.py" not in files and frappe.conf.get("developer_mode"):
 				open(os.path.join(basepath, "__init__.py"), "a").close()
diff --git a/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow/workflow.py b/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow/workflow.py
index 04f1a9ceca..9593526832 100644
--- a/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow/workflow.py
+++ b/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow/workflow.py
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ class Workflow(Document):
 		for d in states:
 			if d.doc_status not in docstatus_map:
 				frappe.db.sql(
-					"""
-					UPDATE `tab{doctype}`
-					SET `{field}` = %s
-					WHERE ifnull(`{field}`, '') = ''
+					f"""
+					UPDATE `tab{self.document_type}`
+					SET `{self.workflow_state_field}` = %s
+					WHERE ifnull(`{self.workflow_state_field}`, '') = ''
 					AND `docstatus` = %s
-				""".format(doctype=self.document_type, field=self.workflow_state_field),
+				""",
 					(d.state, d.doc_status),
 				)
 
diff --git a/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow_action/workflow_action.py b/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow_action/workflow_action.py
index 1826a338f3..c4180c47ba 100644
--- a/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow_action/workflow_action.py
+++ b/frappe/workflow/doctype/workflow_action/workflow_action.py
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ def get_permission_query_conditions(user):
 		.where(WorkflowActionPermittedRole.role.isin(roles))
 	).get_sql()
 
-	return """(`tabWorkflow Action`.`name` in ({permitted_workflow_actions})
-		or `tabWorkflow Action`.`user`={user})
+	return f"""(`tabWorkflow Action`.`name` in ({permitted_workflow_actions})
+		or `tabWorkflow Action`.`user`={frappe.db.escape(user)})
 		and `tabWorkflow Action`.`status`='Open'
-	""".format(permitted_workflow_actions=permitted_workflow_actions, user=frappe.db.escape(user))
+	"""
 
 
 def has_permission(doc, user):
diff --git a/frappe/www/list.py b/frappe/www/list.py
index aaf20f8a05..4682302214 100644
--- a/frappe/www/list.py
+++ b/frappe/www/list.py
@@ -130,9 +130,7 @@ def set_route(context):
 	elif context.doc and getattr(context.doc, "route", None):
 		context.route = context.doc.route
 	else:
-		context.route = "{}/{}".format(
-			context.pathname or quoted(context.doc.doctype), quoted(context.doc.name)
-		)
+		context.route = f"{context.pathname or quoted(context.doc.doctype)}/{quoted(context.doc.name)}"
 
 
 def prepare_filters(doctype, controller, kwargs):
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ def prepare_filters(doctype, controller, kwargs):
 				filters[key] = val
 
 	# filter the filters to include valid fields only
-	for fieldname, val in list(filters.items()):
+	for fieldname in list(filters.keys()):
 		if not meta.has_field(fieldname):
 			del filters[fieldname]
 
diff --git a/frappe/www/printview.py b/frappe/www/printview.py
index e17829de10..bc512fd111 100644
--- a/frappe/www/printview.py
+++ b/frappe/www/printview.py
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ def make_layout(doc: "Document", meta: "Meta", format_data=None) -> list:
 
 		if df.fieldtype == "Section Break" or page == []:
 			if len(page) > 1:
-				if page[-1]["has_data"] == False:
+				if not page[-1]["has_data"]:
 					# truncate last section if empty
 					del page[-1]
 

From 8c5657823d686c19316d88578eafa31770fb4c26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2024 16:39:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 09/14] chore: update list of revisions for git blame to ignore

Signed-off-by: Akhil Narang <me@akhilnarang.dev>
---
 .git-blame-ignore-revs | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.git-blame-ignore-revs b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
index b978236228..11ecbd391b 100644
--- a/.git-blame-ignore-revs
+++ b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
@@ -46,3 +46,6 @@ c35476256f85271fb57584eb0a26f4d9def3caf4
 
 # black+isort -> ruff
 de9ac897482013f5464a05f3c171da0072619c3a
+
+# flake8 -> ruff + ruff config update
+26ae0f3460f29116e0c083d57eee9f33763237ea

From 803c02258a1356d69171d10c939d6f6cea4e8085 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Shetty <surajshetty3416@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 14:08:24 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 10/14] fix: Ignore "Invalid Doctype" validation if ignore flag
 is passed

---
 frappe/database/database.py | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/database/database.py b/frappe/database/database.py
index df7a968eb3..83f8e5bbcf 100644
--- a/frappe/database/database.py
+++ b/frappe/database/database.py
@@ -621,8 +621,11 @@ class Database:
 						skip_locked=skip_locked,
 					)
 				except Exception as e:
-					if ignore and (frappe.db.is_missing_column(e) or frappe.db.is_table_missing(e)):
-						# table or column not found, return None
+					if ignore and (
+						frappe.db.is_missing_column(e)
+						or frappe.db.is_table_missing(e)
+						or str(e).startswith("Invalid DocType")
+					):
 						out = None
 					elif (not ignore) and frappe.db.is_table_missing(e):
 						# table not found, look in singles

From 7991c896a8c912f996341051c52ad05d070b3bc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Suraj Shetty <surajshetty3416@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 16:21:29 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 11/14] fix: Unset contact_name to avoid linking of contact in
 case of failure

---
 frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication.py b/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication.py
index 9b1ec3fa4b..468f7ea6ea 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/communication/communication.py
@@ -556,6 +556,7 @@ def get_contacts(email_strings: list[str], auto_create_contact=False) -> list[st
 				contact.insert(ignore_permissions=True)
 				contact_name = contact.name
 			except Exception:
+				contact_name = None
 				contact.log_error("Unable to add contact")
 
 		if contact_name:

From ef923e4cc94064926c6ba50ce6cf042b08d5ee93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ankush Menat <ankush@frappe.io>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 17:11:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 12/14] test: use known functions for testing

Random functions can have annotations but no annotations on arguments
---
 frappe/tests/test_utils.py | 19 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frappe/tests/test_utils.py b/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
index bb21c8c633..23944d186c 100644
--- a/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/frappe/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -1034,13 +1034,22 @@ class TestTypingValidations(FrappeTestCase):
 	ERR_REGEX = "^Argument '.*' should be of type '.*' but got '.*' instead.$"
 
 	def test_validate_whitelisted_api(self):
-		from inspect import signature
+		@frappe.whitelist()
+		def simple(string: str, number: int):
+			return
 
-		whitelisted_fn = next(x for x in frappe.whitelisted if x.__annotations__)
-		bad_params = (object(),) * len(signature(whitelisted_fn).parameters)
+		@frappe.whitelist()
+		def varkw(string: str, **kwargs):
+			return
 
-		with self.assertRaisesRegex(frappe.FrappeTypeError, self.ERR_REGEX):
-			whitelisted_fn(*bad_params)
+		test_cases = [
+			(simple, (object(), object()), {}),
+			(varkw, (object(),), {"xyz": object()}),
+		]
+
+		for fn, args, kwargs in test_cases:
+			with self.assertRaisesRegex(frappe.FrappeTypeError, self.ERR_REGEX):
+				fn(*args, **kwargs)
 
 	def test_validate_whitelisted_doc_method(self):
 		report = frappe.get_last_doc("Report")

From 60c832defd63211a373220c5ac46be8305eb6954 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ankush Menat <ankush@frappe.io>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 19:29:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 13/14] chore: disable mergify auto merges (#24825)

---
 .mergify.yml | 21 ---------------------
 1 file changed, 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.mergify.yml b/.mergify.yml
index 7c524c5e93..66160a79e4 100644
--- a/.mergify.yml
+++ b/.mergify.yml
@@ -21,27 +21,6 @@ pull_request_rules:
             @{{author}}, thanks for the contribution, but we do not accept pull requests on a stable branch. Please raise PR on an appropriate hotfix branch.
             https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/wiki/Pull-Request-Checklist#which-branch
 
-  - name: Automatic merge on CI success and review
-    conditions:
-      - label!=dont-merge
-      - label!=squash
-      - "#approved-reviews-by>=1"
-    actions:
-      merge:
-        method: merge
-  - name: Automatic squash on CI success and review
-    conditions:
-      - label!=dont-merge
-      - label=squash
-      - "#approved-reviews-by>=1"
-    actions:
-      merge:
-        method: squash
-        commit_message_template: |
-            {{ title }} (#{{ number }})
-
-            {{ body }}
-
   - name: backport to develop
     conditions:
       - label="backport develop"

From 4ceb5c32b7b1e132e0f8f4d82b2a5e3ad27b0d5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lbrandh <87182868+lbrandh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 14:59:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/14] fix: preferred_language cookie (#24819)

---
 frappe/translate.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/frappe/translate.py b/frappe/translate.py
index 8a476eb9b0..2f8dc303b0 100644
--- a/frappe/translate.py
+++ b/frappe/translate.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def get_language(lang_list: list = None) -> str:
 		if preferred_language_cookie in lang_set:
 			return preferred_language_cookie
 
-		parent_language = get_parent_language(language)
+		parent_language = get_parent_language(preferred_language_cookie)
 		if parent_language in lang_set:
 			return parent_language