diff --git a/frappe/concurrency_limiter.py b/frappe/concurrency_limiter.py
index ae08877de3..5915296e8c 100644
--- a/frappe/concurrency_limiter.py
+++ b/frappe/concurrency_limiter.py
@@ -76,26 +76,33 @@ def concurrent_limit(limit: int | None = None, wait_timeout: int = _DEFAULT_WAIT
 	return decorator
 
 
-def _ensure_tokens(key: str, limit: int) -> None:
-	"""Ensure the token pool is initialized with the correct number of tokens.
+# Lua script that atomically initializes the token pool.
+# Combines the SET NX check and the DEL + RPUSH population into a single
+# atomic operation, closing the race window between the init-flag check
+# and the list population that existed with the prior setnx + pipeline approach.
+# KEYS[1] = capacity key, KEYS[2] = token list key, ARGV[1] = limit
+_INIT_SCRIPT = """\
+if redis.call('SET', KEYS[1], ARGV[1], 'NX') then
+    redis.call('DEL', KEYS[2])
+    local n = tonumber(ARGV[1])
+    for i = 1, n do
+        redis.call('RPUSH', KEYS[2], tostring(i))
+    end
+end
+"""
 
-	Uses ``SET NX`` on a separate capacity key as an atomic init-once flag so
-	the pool is never re-filled just because all tokens are legitimately in use
-	(empty list ≠ uninitialised).
+
+def _ensure_tokens(key: str, limit: int) -> None:
+	"""Ensure the token pool is initialized atomically.
+
+	A Lua script performs ``SET NX`` on the capacity key and populates the
+	token list in a single atomic operation, closing the race window between
+	the init-flag check and the list population.
 	"""
 	try:
-		cap_key = f"{key}:capacity"
-
-		if not frappe.cache.setnx(cap_key, str(limit)):
-			return  # already initialized
-
-		# initialize the token pool
-		prefixed = frappe.cache.make_key(key)
-		pipe = frappe.cache.pipeline(transaction=True)
-		pipe.delete(prefixed)
-		for i in range(limit):
-			pipe.rpush(prefixed, str(i))
-		pipe.execute()
+		prefixed_cap_key = frappe.cache.make_key(f"{key}:capacity")
+		prefixed_key = frappe.cache.make_key(key)
+		frappe.cache.eval(_INIT_SCRIPT, 2, prefixed_cap_key, prefixed_key, str(limit))
 	except Exception:
 		frappe.log_error("Concurrency limiter: Failed to initialize tokens")