diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.json b/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.json
index acce2728b1..ab74a7d4f9 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.json
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.json
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@
   "language_code",
   "language_name",
   "flag",
-  "based_on"
+  "based_on",
+  "section_break_rtth",
+  "date_format",
+  "time_format",
+  "number_format",
+  "first_day_of_the_week"
  ],
  "fields": [
   {
@@ -46,12 +51,40 @@
    "fieldname": "enabled",
    "fieldtype": "Check",
    "label": "Enabled"
+  },
+  {
+   "fieldname": "section_break_rtth",
+   "fieldtype": "Section Break"
+  },
+  {
+   "fieldname": "date_format",
+   "fieldtype": "Select",
+   "label": "Date Format",
+   "options": "\nyyyy-mm-dd\ndd-mm-yyyy\ndd/mm/yyyy\ndd.mm.yyyy\nmm/dd/yyyy\nmm-dd-yyyy"
+  },
+  {
+   "fieldname": "time_format",
+   "fieldtype": "Select",
+   "label": "Time Format",
+   "options": "\nHH:mm:ss\nHH:mm"
+  },
+  {
+   "fieldname": "number_format",
+   "fieldtype": "Select",
+   "label": "Number Format",
+   "options": "\n#,###.##\n#.###,##\n# ###.##\n# ###,##\n#'###.##\n#, ###.##\n#,##,###.##\n#,###.###\n#.###\n#,###"
+  },
+  {
+   "fieldname": "first_day_of_the_week",
+   "fieldtype": "Select",
+   "label": "First Day of the Week",
+   "options": "\nSunday\nMonday\nTuesday\nWednesday\nThursday\nFriday\nSaturday"
   }
  ],
  "icon": "fa fa-globe",
  "in_create": 1,
  "links": [],
- "modified": "2024-06-06 18:25:01.010821",
+ "modified": "2024-07-21 08:25:25.130166",
  "modified_by": "Administrator",
  "module": "Core",
  "name": "Language",
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.py b/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.py
index 57a2ccf690..049349cd3b 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/language/language.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import re
 
 import frappe
 from frappe import _
+from frappe.defaults import clear_default, set_default
 from frappe.model.document import Document
 
 
@@ -18,10 +19,30 @@ class Language(Document):
 		from frappe.types import DF
 
 		based_on: DF.Link | None
+		date_format: DF.Literal[
+			"", "yyyy-mm-dd", "dd-mm-yyyy", "dd/mm/yyyy", "dd.mm.yyyy", "mm/dd/yyyy", "mm-dd-yyyy"
+		]
 		enabled: DF.Check
+		first_day_of_the_week: DF.Literal[
+			"", "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"
+		]
 		flag: DF.Data | None
 		language_code: DF.Data
 		language_name: DF.Data
+		number_format: DF.Literal[
+			"",
+			"#,###.##",
+			"#.###,##",
+			"# ###.##",
+			"# ###,##",
+			"#'###.##",
+			"#, ###.##",
+			"#,##,###.##",
+			"#,###.###",
+			"#.###",
+			"#,###",
+		]
+		time_format: DF.Literal["", "HH:mm:ss", "HH:mm"]
 	# end: auto-generated types
 
 	def validate(self):
@@ -33,6 +54,22 @@ class Language(Document):
 	def on_update(self):
 		frappe.cache.delete_value("languages_with_name")
 		frappe.cache.delete_value("languages")
+		self.update_user_defaults()
+
+	def update_user_defaults(self):
+		"""Update user defaults for date, time, number format and first day of the week.
+
+		When we change any settings of a language, the defaults for all users with that language
+		should be updated.
+		"""
+		users = frappe.get_all("User", filters={"language": self.name}, pluck="name")
+		for key in ("date_format", "time_format", "number_format", "first_day_of_the_week"):
+			if self.has_value_changed(key):
+				for user in users:
+					if new_value := self.get(key):
+						set_default(key, new_value, user)
+					else:
+						clear_default(key, parent=user)
 
 
 def validate_with_regex(name, label):
diff --git a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
index 1ef8a824ea..a1f0b05ed2 100644
--- a/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
+++ b/frappe/core/doctype/user/user.py
@@ -268,6 +268,18 @@ class User(Document):
 		if self.time_zone:
 			frappe.defaults.set_default("time_zone", self.time_zone, self.name)
 
+		if self.has_value_changed("language"):
+			locale_keys = ("date_format", "time_format", "number_format", "first_day_of_the_week")
+			if self.language:
+				language = frappe.get_doc("Language", self.language)
+				for key in locale_keys:
+					value = language.get(key)
+					if value:
+						frappe.defaults.set_default(key, value, self.name)
+			else:
+				for key in locale_keys:
+					frappe.defaults.clear_default(key, parent=self.name)
+
 		if self.has_value_changed("enabled"):
 			frappe.cache.delete_key("users_for_mentions")
 			frappe.cache.delete_key("enabled_users")
diff --git a/frappe/defaults.py b/frappe/defaults.py
index af95c273a1..44f292645f 100644
--- a/frappe/defaults.py
+++ b/frappe/defaults.py
@@ -168,6 +168,9 @@ def set_default(key, value, parent, parenttype="__default"):
 	else:
 		_clear_cache(parent)
 
+	if parent:
+		clear_defaults_cache(parent)
+
 
 def add_default(key, value, parent, parenttype=None):
 	d = frappe.get_doc(
diff --git a/frappe/locale.py b/frappe/locale.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e4c027531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frappe/locale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import frappe
+from frappe.utils.number_format import NumberFormat
+
+
+def get_number_format(language: str | None = None) -> NumberFormat:
+	"""Return the number format for the given language.
+
+	:param language: The language code to get the value for. Defaults to the current user's language.
+	:return: The number format. Defaults to "#,###.##" if not found.
+	"""
+	number_format = get_locale_value("number_format", language) or "#,###.##"
+	return NumberFormat.from_string(number_format)
+
+
+def get_date_format(language: str | None = None) -> str:
+	"""Return the date format for the given language.
+
+	:param language: The language code to get the value for. Defaults to the current user's language.
+	:return: The date format string. Defaults to "yyyy-mm-dd" if not found.
+	"""
+	return get_locale_value("date_format", language) or "yyyy-mm-dd"
+
+
+def get_time_format(language: str | None = None) -> str:
+	"""Return the time format for the given language.
+
+	:param language: The language code to get the value for. Defaults to the current user's language.
+	:return: The time format string. Defaults to "HH:mm:ss" if not found.
+	"""
+	return get_locale_value("time_format", language) or "HH:mm:ss"
+
+
+def get_first_day_of_the_week(language: str | None = None) -> str:
+	"""Return the first day of the week for the given language.
+
+	:param language: The language code to get the value for. Defaults to the current user's language.
+	:return: The first day of the week. Defaults to "Sunday" if not found.
+	"""
+	return get_locale_value("first_day_of_the_week", language) or "Sunday"
+
+
+def get_locale_value(key: str, language: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+	"""Return the value of the key from the Language record or System Settings.
+
+	:param key: The settings key to get the value for.
+	:param language: The language code to get the value for. Defaults to the current user's language.
+	"""
+	lang = language or frappe.local.lang
+	if lang:
+		value = frappe.db.get_value("Language", lang, key)
+
+	return value or frappe.db.get_default(key)
diff --git a/frappe/model/meta.py b/frappe/model/meta.py
index 6c6a66d4a7..1358700e6e 100644
--- a/frappe/model/meta.py
+++ b/frappe/model/meta.py
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ def get_field_currency(df, doc=None):
 
 def get_field_precision(df, doc=None, currency=None):
 	"""get precision based on DocField options and fieldvalue in doc"""
-	from frappe.utils import get_number_format_info
+	from frappe.locale import get_number_format
 
 	if df.precision:
 		precision = cint(df.precision)
@@ -819,8 +819,8 @@ def get_field_precision(df, doc=None, currency=None):
 	elif df.fieldtype == "Currency":
 		precision = cint(frappe.db.get_default("currency_precision"))
 		if not precision:
-			number_format = frappe.db.get_default("number_format") or "#,###.##"
-			decimal_str, comma_str, precision = get_number_format_info(number_format)
+			number_format = get_number_format()
+			precision = number_format.precision
 	else:
 		precision = cint(frappe.db.get_default("float_precision")) or 3
 
diff --git a/frappe/utils/data.py b/frappe/utils/data.py
index 4841281bc6..5662d180f8 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/data.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/data.py
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 
 import frappe
 from frappe.desk.utils import slug
+from frappe.locale import get_date_format, get_first_day_of_the_week, get_number_format, get_time_format
+from frappe.utils.deprecations import deprecated
+from frappe.utils.number_format import NUMBER_FORMAT_MAP, NumberFormat
 
 DateTimeLikeObject = str | datetime.date | datetime.datetime
 NumericType = int | float
@@ -85,10 +88,6 @@ class Weekday(Enum):
 	Saturday = 6
 
 
-def get_first_day_of_the_week() -> str:
-	return frappe.get_system_settings("first_day_of_the_week") or "Sunday"
-
-
 def get_start_of_week_index() -> int:
 	return Weekday[get_first_day_of_the_week()].value
 
@@ -677,9 +676,9 @@ def get_time_str(timedelta_obj: datetime.timedelta | str) -> str:
 def get_user_date_format() -> str:
 	"""Get the current user date format. The result will be cached."""
 	if getattr(frappe.local, "user_date_format", None) is None:
-		frappe.local.user_date_format = frappe.db.get_default("date_format")
+		frappe.local.user_date_format = get_date_format()
 
-	return frappe.local.user_date_format or "yyyy-mm-dd"
+	return frappe.local.user_date_format
 
 
 get_user_format = get_user_date_format  # for backwards compatibility
@@ -688,9 +687,9 @@ get_user_format = get_user_date_format  # for backwards compatibility
 def get_user_time_format() -> str:
 	"""Get the current user time format. The result will be cached."""
 	if getattr(frappe.local, "user_time_format", None) is None:
-		frappe.local.user_time_format = frappe.db.get_default("time_format")
+		frappe.local.user_time_format = get_time_format()
 
-	return frappe.local.user_time_format or "HH:mm:ss"
+	return frappe.local.user_time_format
 
 
 def format_date(string_date=None, format_string: str | None = None, parse_day_first: bool = False) -> str:
@@ -1347,14 +1346,13 @@ def fmt_money(
 	format: str | None = None,
 ) -> str:
 	"""Convert to string with commas for thousands, millions etc."""
-	number_format = format or frappe.db.get_default("number_format") or "#,###.##"
+	number_format = NumberFormat.from_string(format) if format else get_number_format()
+
 	if precision is None:
 		precision = cint(frappe.db.get_default("currency_precision")) or None
 
-	decimal_str, comma_str, number_format_precision = get_number_format_info(number_format)
-
 	if precision is None:
-		precision = number_format_precision
+		precision = number_format.precision
 
 	# 40,000 -> 40,000.00
 	# 40,000.00000 -> 40,000.00
@@ -1366,7 +1364,7 @@ def fmt_money(
 	if amount is None:
 		amount = 0
 
-	if decimal_str:
+	if number_format.decimal_separator:
 		decimals_after = str(round(amount % 1, precision))
 		parts = decimals_after.split(".")
 		parts = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]
@@ -1377,7 +1375,7 @@ def fmt_money(
 					fraction = frappe.db.get_value("Currency", currency, "fraction_units", cache=True) or 100
 					precision = len(cstr(fraction)) - 1
 				else:
-					precision = number_format_precision
+					precision = number_format.precision
 			elif len(decimals) < precision:
 				precision = len(decimals)
 
@@ -1399,7 +1397,7 @@ def fmt_money(
 		parts.append(amount[-3:])
 		amount = amount[:-3]
 
-		val = number_format == "#,##,###.##" and 2 or 3
+		val = 2 if number_format.string == "#,##,###.##" else 3
 
 		while len(amount) > val:
 			parts.append(amount[-val:])
@@ -1409,7 +1407,9 @@ def fmt_money(
 
 	parts.reverse()
 
-	amount = comma_str.join(parts) + ((precision and decimal_str) and (decimal_str + decimals) or "")
+	amount = number_format.thousands_separator.join(parts) + (
+		(precision and number_format.decimal_separator) and (number_format.decimal_separator + decimals) or ""
+	)
 	if amount != "0":
 		amount = minus + amount
 
@@ -1425,29 +1425,21 @@ def fmt_money(
 	return amount
 
 
-number_format_info = {
-	"#,###.##": (".", ",", 2),
-	"#.###,##": (",", ".", 2),
-	"# ###.##": (".", " ", 2),
-	"# ###,##": (",", " ", 2),
-	"#'###.##": (".", "'", 2),
-	"#, ###.##": (".", ", ", 2),
-	"#,##,###.##": (".", ",", 2),
-	"#,###.###": (".", ",", 3),
-	"#.###": ("", ".", 0),
-	"#,###": ("", ",", 0),
-	"#.########": (".", "", 8),
-}
+# keep for backwards compatibility
+number_format_info = NUMBER_FORMAT_MAP
 
 
+@deprecated
 def get_number_format_info(format: str) -> tuple[str, str, int]:
-	"""Return the decimal separator, thousands separator and precision for the given number `format` string.
+	"""DEPRECATED: use `NumberFormat.from_string()` from `frappe.utils.number_format` instead.
 
-	e.g. get_number_format_info('1,00,000.50') -> ('.', ',', 2)
+	Return the decimal separator, thousands separator and precision for the given number `format` string.
+
+	e.g. get_number_format_info('#,##,###.##') -> ('.', ',', 2)
 
 	Will return ('.', ',', 2) for format strings which can't be guessed.
 	"""
-	return number_format_info.get(format) or (".", ",", 2)
+	return NUMBER_FORMAT_MAP.get(format) or (".", ",", 2)
 
 
 #
@@ -1481,13 +1473,13 @@ def money_in_words(
 			"Cent"
 		)
 
-	number_format = (
-		frappe.db.get_value("Currency", main_currency, "number_format", cache=True)
-		or frappe.db.get_default("number_format")
-		or "#,###.##"
-	)
+	currency_format_str = frappe.db.get_value("Currency", main_currency, "number_format", cache=True)
+	if currency_format_str:
+		number_format = NumberFormat.from_string(currency_format_str)
+	else:
+		number_format = get_number_format()
 
-	fraction_length = get_number_format_info(number_format)[2]
+	fraction_length = number_format.precision
 
 	n = f"%.{fraction_length}f" % number
 
@@ -1499,7 +1491,7 @@ def money_in_words(
 		fraction += zeros
 
 	in_million = True
-	if number_format == "#,##,###.##":
+	if number_format.string == "#,##,###.##":
 		in_million = False
 
 	# 0.00
diff --git a/frappe/utils/dateutils.py b/frappe/utils/dateutils.py
index 26607aa861..4d6e4efe0d 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/dateutils.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/dateutils.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import datetime
 
 import frappe
 import frappe.defaults
+from frappe.locale import get_date_format
 from frappe.utils import add_to_date, get_datetime, getdate
 from frappe.utils.data import (
 	get_first_day,
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ def parse_date(date):
 
 def get_user_date_format():
 	if getattr(frappe.local, "user_date_format", None) is None:
-		frappe.local.user_date_format = frappe.defaults.get_global_default("date_format") or "yyyy-mm-dd"
+		frappe.local.user_date_format = get_date_format()
 
 	return frappe.local.user_date_format
 
diff --git a/frappe/utils/number_format.py b/frappe/utils/number_format.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b19bfd8dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frappe/utils/number_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+NUMBER_FORMAT_MAP = {
+	"#,###.##": (".", ",", 2),
+	"#.###,##": (",", ".", 2),
+	"# ###.##": (".", " ", 2),
+	"# ###,##": (",", " ", 2),
+	"#'###.##": (".", "'", 2),
+	"#, ###.##": (".", ", ", 2),
+	"#,##,###.##": (".", ",", 2),
+	"#,###.###": (".", ",", 3),
+	"#.###": ("", ".", 0),
+	"#,###": ("", ",", 0),
+	"#.########": (".", "", 8),
+}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class NumberFormat:
+	precision: int
+	decimal_separator: str
+	thousands_separator: str
+	string: str
+
+	@classmethod
+	def from_string(cls, number_format: str) -> "NumberFormat":
+		decimal_separator, thousands_separator, precision = NUMBER_FORMAT_MAP[number_format]
+		return NumberFormat(
+			precision=precision,
+			decimal_separator=decimal_separator,
+			thousands_separator=thousands_separator,
+			string=number_format,
+		)
+
+	def __str__(self) -> str:
+		return self.string
diff --git a/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py b/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py
index 1d5351729a..dea987e7bf 100644
--- a/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py
+++ b/frappe/utils/safe_exec.py
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@ from frappe import _
 from frappe.core.utils import html2text
 from frappe.frappeclient import FrappeClient
 from frappe.handler import execute_cmd
+from frappe.locale import get_date_format, get_number_format, get_time_format
 from frappe.model.delete_doc import delete_doc
 from frappe.model.mapper import get_mapped_doc
 from frappe.model.rename_doc import rename_doc
 from frappe.modules import scrub
 from frappe.utils.background_jobs import enqueue, get_jobs
+from frappe.utils.number_format import NumberFormat
 from frappe.website.utils import get_next_link, get_toc
 from frappe.www.printview import get_visible_columns
 
@@ -164,11 +166,13 @@ def get_safe_globals():
 	datautils = frappe._dict()
 
 	if frappe.db:
-		date_format = frappe.db.get_default("date_format") or "yyyy-mm-dd"
-		time_format = frappe.db.get_default("time_format") or "HH:mm:ss"
+		date_format = get_date_format()
+		time_format = get_time_format()
+		number_format = get_number_format()
 	else:
 		date_format = "yyyy-mm-dd"
 		time_format = "HH:mm:ss"
+		number_format = NumberFormat.from_string("#,###.##")
 
 	add_data_utils(datautils)
 
@@ -194,6 +198,7 @@ def get_safe_globals():
 			format_value=frappe.format_value,
 			date_format=date_format,
 			time_format=time_format,
+			number_format=number_format,
 			format_date=frappe.utils.data.global_date_format,
 			form_dict=form_dict,
 			bold=frappe.bold,
diff --git a/frappe/website/utils.py b/frappe/website/utils.py
index 678ff57dda..74b5fcfead 100644
--- a/frappe/website/utils.py
+++ b/frappe/website/utils.py
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ def get_home_page_via_hooks():
 
 
 def get_boot_data():
+	from frappe.locale import get_date_format, get_first_day_of_the_week, get_number_format, get_time_format
+
 	return {
 		"lang": frappe.local.lang or "en",
 		"apps_data": {
@@ -173,10 +175,10 @@ def get_boot_data():
 		},
 		"sysdefaults": {
 			"float_precision": cint(frappe.get_system_settings("float_precision")) or 3,
-			"date_format": frappe.get_system_settings("date_format") or "yyyy-mm-dd",
-			"time_format": frappe.get_system_settings("time_format") or "HH:mm:ss",
-			"first_day_of_the_week": frappe.get_system_settings("first_day_of_the_week") or "Sunday",
-			"number_format": frappe.get_system_settings("number_format") or "#,###.##",
+			"date_format": get_date_format(),
+			"time_format": get_time_format(),
+			"first_day_of_the_week": get_first_day_of_the_week(),
+			"number_format": get_number_format().string,
 		},
 		"time_zone": {
 			"system": get_system_timezone(),